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[post_content] => Adrenaline (epinephrine) nasal spray (neffy) was recently approved by the Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA) and is now available for use in Australia.
The launch of the product marks the first time in over 30 years that a new way of administering adrenaline has been approved in Australia.
So how useful will having a new dose form be? The answer isn’t clear – but the reaction has been positive.
Professor Connie Katelaris AM, a leading NSW allergist welcomes the additional option for care:
‘Anaphylaxis is a difficult condition to manage, with some patients reporting challenges. neffy has been available for some time overseas and now patients in Australia will have access.’
AP explores its place in therapy and whether it’s worth the price.
How does the nasal spray differ from EpiPen?
Similar to EpiPen, neffy delivers adrenaline, the active ingredient used to treat anaphylaxis, a spokesperson for CSL Seqirus, the manufacturer of the medicine, told AP.
‘[However it] doesn’t contain a needle and doesn't require an injection.’
[caption id="attachment_31382" align="aligncenter" width="500"]
Supplied by CSL Seqirus[/caption]
Using a similar delivery device as opioid reversal medicines, the nasal spray administers adrenaline via the nasal mucosa, enabling rapid absorption into the bloodstream.
Can it be placed in a resuscitation kit?
Yes, and no.
While neffy contains adrenaline and is indicated for the same purpose as injectable adrenaline normally kept as part of a resuscitation kit, there is a key difference.
‘Resuscitation kits generally stock items that are Schedule 3, and neffy is currently a Prescription only (Schedule 4) medication,’ the CSL spokesperson said.
Who is the nasal spray best suited to?
Adrenaline (epinephrine) nasal spray is indicated for emergency treatment of anaphylaxis in patients aged 4 years and older and weighing 15 kg or greater, offering an alternative administration route for those who may be needle-phobic – particularly young children.
The medicine comes in two strengths:
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[post_content] => Early monitoring, sensitive communication and guideline awareness are essential when medicines are used to manage youth mental health.
Almost two in five (around 40%) of Australians aged 16–24 years experience a mental disorder in any given year, with depression and anxiety frequently emerging during adolescence and early adulthood.
Despite clinical guidelines recommending psychological therapies such as cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) as first-line treatment, antidepressants can be prescribed before CBT practice, said Ms Lily Pham MPS, a lecturer at the University of Sydney – who is presenting at the upcoming PSA webinar Antidepressants and adolescents – what every pharmacist should know.
‘Pharmacists often get prescriptions for antidepressants where a young person hasn't received CBT yet – particularly if they’re on a waiting list to receive CBT,’ she said. ‘Antidepressants are typically recommended to be used for 6–12 months before deprescribing should be considered. But we’re finding that doesn’t happen a lot of the time.’
There’s often a gap between guideline recommendations and what pharmacists actually encounter in day-to-day practice. So initiating conversations about treatment planning requires both confidence and clarity.
‘It’s about being able to engage in those conversations and also knowing what to do when you gain that information,’ Ms Pham said.
Bridging the gap when CBT is delayed
Conversations around mental health require careful attention to privacy and tone.
‘It’s important not to use judgmental language,’ Ms Pham said. ‘We might engage in conversation by saying, “I’m just going to ask you a couple of questions about this medication – would you feel comfortable with that?’
Explaining intent can reduce defensiveness and reframe the conversation as supportive rather than interrogative.
‘If you say, “The reason I'm asking is because I want to be able to give you information about the medication that's tailored to you” for example, it can often open up the conversation better,’ she said.
When sensitive topics, including mental health, are discussed, there should always be the option to move into a consultation room.
Pharmacists can also use simple, open-ended questions to explore whether broader treatment planning has been discussed.
‘It comes down to signposting,’ Ms Pham said. ‘You could ask, “is this the first time you’ve used this medication?” And then you might follow with, “When people start this medication, their GP can sometimes have conversations about other strategies, like CBT. Is that something you’ve discussed with your GP?”’
Given much antidepressant use in adolescents is off label, product information doesn’t clearly outline use in younger populations.
‘This is where guidelines specific to prescribing for younger people should be considered,’ she said.
Where clarification with the prescriber is required, young people should not be excluded from the process.
‘Young people often feel very disempowered within the healthcare system, so it’s important that health professionals support young people to have a voice in their healthcare,’ Ms Pham said. ‘If you are going to have those conversations, make sure you also include that young person. That might include saying, “would you mind if I speak to your GP to clarify XYZ details”, if those details haven't been established through your conversations with the young person.’
Checking duration against intention
Through dispensing histories and repeat supply intervals, pharmacists can prompt gentle check-ins around duration of and response to therapy.
‘If you’ve noticed in your dispensing system that a person has been on an antidepressant for over 12 months, flag a conversation with that young person about how they are feeling on the medication, how their mood is, and whether or not they have discussed with their GP about deprescribing or tapering the dose,’ Ms Pham said.
However, pharmacists should use their clinical judgement when approaching this conversation.
‘You would only really have that conversation if that person was faring well,’ she said. ‘If they say, “My mood’s still not great,” you’re not going to ask if they have decided to consider deprescribing. Instead, you might discuss openness to alternative drug regimens with them and their prescriber.’
Repeat supply also provides an opportunity to check whether appropriate review and deprescribing discussions have occurred.
‘You can flag whether this conversation has occurred using your dispensing system every 6 to 12 months,’ Ms Pham said.
Monitoring efficacy and tolerability
When dispensing antidepressants, pharmacists have the opportunity to monitor for both efficacy and adverse effects – particularly those that young people may feel reluctant to disclose.
‘One of the big ones is around sexual dysfunction,’ Ms Pham said. ‘So it's checking in with those short-and longer- term adverse effects, as well as looking at the efficacy of the medication and the need.’
Monitoring and review are shared responsibilities rather than isolated tasks.
‘There is an onus of responsibility on every member of the multidisciplinary healthcare team when you do come in contact, or you do interact with that young person, to check in,’ Ms Pham said.
Even under 60-day dispensing arrangements, pharmacists retain regular contact with young patients using antidepressants.
‘If the GP checks in with them at every appointment, and then the pharmacist once every 2 months – we can still provide touchpoints in that person’s care. And young people would appreciate being engaged in non-judgemental conversations about their care.’
Learn more about pharmacists’ role in the quality use of antidepressants for teens and young adults by attending the PSA webinar Antidepressants and adolescents – what every pharmacist should know, held on 17 February 2026 at 7.00–8.30 pm AEDT.
[post_title] => Supporting quality use of antidepressants in adolescents
[post_excerpt] => Early monitoring, sensitive communication and guideline awareness are essential when medicines are used to manage youth mental health.
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[post_content] => Complex, undiagnosed pelvic pain can often leave patients in awful limbo. Pharmacists can help them understand what drives – and can interrupt – pain.
For some people, severe and chronic pelvic pain persists despite extensive investigations and no confirmed diagnosis of endometriosis. In some cases, pain continues even after surgery to remove endometriosis lesions.
Other people may experience overlapping pain conditions such as bladder pain syndrome, irritable bowel syndrome or musculoskeletal dysfunction.
Without a diagnosis, these people often fall through the cracks – left managing debilitating pain with little clarity, validation or structured care.
‘Early intervention in pelvic pain is crucial to reduce the risk of maladaptation, central sensitisation and the significant social, work-related and mental health impacts of untreated pain,’ according to the Chairperson of Chronic Pain Australia, Nicolette Ellis MPS, a pharmacist.
Even without a confirmed diagnosis, commencing appropriate hormonal therapy and analgesics is recommended, she says. Medicines alone are rarely sufficient, and a pelvic pain physiotherapist is often the most important allied health referral to address muscle overactivity and contributors to persistent pain.
Ms Ellis says chronic pelvic pain is best managed through a team-based approach, where pharmacists, GPs, physiotherapists, psychologists and specialists each address different contributors to the pain experience. Clear communication and shared understanding between disciplines can improve outcomes significantly.
‘Around two in three people with chronic pain experience a secondary mental health condition,’ Ms Ellis says.
‘Catastrophising, rumination and helplessness are very common, especially when patients have been repeatedly bounced around the health system without answers.’
Free pain-specific supports like MindSpot, as well as peer networks such as PainLink helpline 1300 340 357 and Chronic Pain Australia’s support groups, can be invaluable, she says, alongside psychologists with an interest in pain.
Chronic vs acute pelvic pain
Acute pelvic pain typically presents suddenly, says Ms Ellis.
Often, it comes with red flags such as severe unilateral pain, fever, vomiting or rapid escalation, warranting urgent medical review. Chronic pelvic pain, in contrast, develops over months or years. It often follows patterns linked to menstrual cycles, bladder or bowel function, stress or muscle tension.
Many people with pelvic pain also dismiss their symptoms. Ms Ellis says they normalise heavy bleeding, bloating or discomfort, which can delay recognition that these patterns are not normal and require assessment. Chronic pelvic pain is defined as pain persisting for more than 3 months that does not need to occur daily. Pain that occurs on more than 10–15 days per month over a 3-month period is generally considered to meet the criteria.
‘A lack of diagnosis should never limit a clinician’s ability to treat, educate or support a patient in managing their pain.’ Ms Ellis stresses. See overleaf for two interesting case studies on undiagnosed pelvic pain that were not endometriosis.
Box 1 - Referral pathways
Pharmacists seeking help for patients with chronic or unexplained pelvic pain can
refer to:
|
Tahnee Simpson[/caption]
Nicolette Ellis MPS[/caption]
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[post_content] => Victoria recently announced ADHD reforms, with ‘specialist GPs’ now able to continue ADHD prescriptions for existing patients.
But last week, the Allan Government also unveiled a nation-first initiative. From September, an online emergency prescribing pathway will allow people with an existing ADHD diagnosis to obtain urgent repeat medicine through the Victorian Virtual Emergency Department (VVED).
AP explores what the new model involves, the safeguards that will be in place and what’s happening in other states and territories.
What’s the purpose of the service?
The telehealth service is designed to address growing concern about long specialist waitlists, escalating costs and the clinical risks associated with abrupt cessation of Schedule 8 ADHD medicines – which can lead to symptom rebound, functional impairment and significant distress.
A Department of Health spokesperson told AP that the service would provide a targeted safety net, rather than a substitute for established care arrangements.
‘The Victorian Virtual Emergency Department will offer a safe way for Victorians with an existing ADHD diagnosis to refill an urgent prescription for ADHD medication,’ the spokesperson said.
How will urgent ADHD ‘repeats’ be issued?
Clinicians working within the VVED will verify the patient’s current medicine and dosage before issuing a prescription, the spokesperson said.
Scripts will be sent directly to the patient’s local pharmacy, with patients advised of the closest pharmacy in operation at the time of prescribing.
The Department of Health emphasised that the pathway will not replace routine ADHD management.
‘This is for emergency situations only and will not replace the important ongoing treatment and relationship between a patient and their clinician,’ the spokesperson said.
Who will be eligible?
The Victorian model allows adults and children aged 6 and over with an existing ADHD diagnosis to access the service who cannot secure a timely appointment with their usual clinician.
The service will be limited to people who are already prescribed ADHD medicines.
The VVED will not initiate ADHD treatment, alter dosages or provide ongoing prescribing.
What are the safeguards?
Existing regulatory requirements and clinical guidelines for ADHD medicines will remain fully in place under the VVED pathway.
‘The clinicians at the VVED, including paediatricians and psychiatrists, are highly experienced and highly skilled,’ the spokesperson said. ‘They will prescribe the medication within their existing scope of practice and clinical operations.’
Mandatory use of SafeScript for Schedule 8 medicines will continue to operate as a core safeguard. This ensures prescribers and pharmacists can monitor dispensing histories and reduces the risk of patients obtaining excessive prescriptions from multiple clinicians.
The Department has stressed that responsibility for ongoing ADHD management remains with the patient’s regular clinician, with the VVED acting solely as a one-off support mechanism that complements broader reforms aimed at expanding GP involvement in ADHD care.
And rather than providing a script to the patient, the script will be sent directly to their local pharmacy. When issuing a script, the VVED advises the patient of the closest pharmacy in operation.
Part of a broader national shift
Victoria’s online emergency model sits within a wider national trend to rebalance ADHD care away from exclusive reliance on specialist services.
Since 1 December 2025, ‘specialist GPs' in Queensland have been able to initiate, modify and continue stimulant treatment for adults with ADHD under updated Queensland Health guidance.
Today (11 February), ACT Health issued an announcement on ADHD prescribing, with GPs who have completed approved training now able to continue prescribing ADHD medicines for eligible patients without requiring repeated reviews from a psychiatrist, paediatrician or neurologist.
And other jurisdictions have since followed suit, including New South Wales, Western Australia and South Australia – which are set to roll out similar reforms this year.
Across Australia, governments are seeking to reduce wait times, lower out-of-pocket costs and embed ADHD care more firmly within primary care, while maintaining strong oversight of Schedule 8 stimulants such as methylphenidate, dexamfetamine and lisdexamfetamine via authorised prescribing schemes and real-time prescription monitoring checks. Non-stimulant ADHD medicines remain Schedule 4 and continue to be prescribed under existing arrangements.
For more information, complete the PSA online module: ADHD explained.
[post_title] => What pharmacists need to know about emergency prescribing for ADHD
[post_excerpt] => Victoria is the latest state to announce ADHD reforms, with ‘specialist GPs’ now able to continue ADHD prescriptions for existing patients.
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[post_content] => The gap between evidence and everyday practice is impacting patient access to emergency contraception.
Community pharmacies are often the first – and sometimes only – point of access for emergency contraception in Australia.
But a new qualitative study found there are still persistent gaps between what the guidelines say and what happens in practice.
Ruth Nona, pharmacist and researcher at James Cook University, who interviewed community pharmacists about providing emergency contraception services, describes a workforce that is broadly willing to help, but not always set up to deliver consistently equitable care.
1. Not recommending ulipristal as first-line
One of the most significant gaps identified in the study was the tendency for pharmacists to default to levonorgestrel, despite guidance in the Australian Pharmaceutical Formulary and Handbook (APF) that ulipristal acetate is generally considered more effective than levonorgestrel and can be used up to 120 hours after unprotected intercourse.
‘Habit definitely plays a role,’ Ms Nona said. ‘Some pharmacists felt more comfortable and confident supplying levonorgestrel. For example, if someone requested emergency contraception within 24 hours, pharmacists felt levonorgestrel was acceptable within that timeframe, without fully considering efficacy.’
[caption id="attachment_31329" align="alignright" width="250"]
Ruth Nona[/caption]
In some pharmacies, price differences influenced whether ulipristal acetate was presented as an option.
‘In certain socio-economic areas, cost was a driver,’ Ms Nona said. ‘Cost considerations were also sometimes linked to younger people coming in and asking whether there was a cheaper option.’
Sometimes, levonorgestrel was the only medicine on hand.
‘There was research that came out showing that some pharmacies still did not stock ulipristal acetate,’ she said. ‘It’s been an ongoing issue, and something that really needs to be addressed.’
However, patients need to be able to make an informed decision about which medicine to take.
‘As stated in the guidelines, it’s about making sure all patients are given the information they need to make an informed and equitable choice. If the patient wants a particular option, that’s fine, but they need to be able to make that decision with the full information,’ Ms Nona said.
‘When pharmacists did give the full picture and explained the differences, more often than not the patient chose ulipristal acetate, even though it cost more.’
‘If the patient wants a particular option, that’s fine, but they need to be able to make that decision with the full information.'
Ruth nona
2. Uncertainty when responding to third-party requests
Pharmacists reported particular uncertainty when providing emergency contraception to third parties, with many wary about consent and unsure whether they could provide it to someone who wasn’t the patient.
‘In most cases, they would follow up and ask to contact the patient directly,’ Ms Nona said. ‘It wasn’t that they didn’t want to provide it – they just felt unsure and they wanted to make sure that the patient had consented.’
While in many cases, speaking to the intended person directly can help provide key information and counselling, in circumstances where this is not possible, it is usually possible to determine the medicine is safe and therapeutically appropriate, and supply in a manner consistent with APF guidance and legal obligations.
3. Uncertainty providing emergency contraception to adolescents
Similarly, pharmacists were ‘uncomfortable’ providing the service to adolescents.
This uncertainty often centred on fear of making the wrong decision or facing professional consequences.
‘They still wanted to provide the service, but it was more that internal question of, “Should I do this? Am I going to get in trouble?”’
There are no jurisdictions where there’s a legal restriction from supplying emergency contraception to minors. The APF guidance helps pharmacists navigate Gillick competency and consent in adolescents, ensuring they demonstrate sufficient maturity and understanding to provide informed consent.
Ms Nona emphasised that the issue was confidence, not capability.
‘It’s about being familiar with the guidelines, making sure we’re as up to date as possible and realising that it’s okay for us to provide these services, provided the adolescent is [assessed as Gillick competent] mentally mature and safe,’ she said.
The APF references Gillick competency provided the adolescent is [assessed as Gillick competent (demonstrating sufficient maturity and understanding to provide informed consent)]
4. Uncertainty for transgender people on gender affirming hormone therapy
While pharmacists were generally supportive towards transgender and gender-diverse patients, lack of familiarity with hormone therapy raised hesitation.
‘There are absolutely no interactions between emergency contraception and gender-affirming hormones’ Ms Nona said. ‘It really comes down to knowledge, which builds confidence, and being up to date to make sure the service we provide is timely and equitable.’
In some areas, pharmacists may frequently encounter transgender and gender- diverse patients requesting emergency contraception, while pharmacists in other areas do not.
‘That’s why it’s also about being prepared. You never know when that situation might arise,’ she added.
Should pharmacists feel unsure during these consultations, pharmacists can and should engage with the APF.
‘Pharmacists did say that if that situation did occur with a transgender or gender- diverse person that they would be honest and say to them, “Do you mind if I consult my resources?”’
Another reason the APF is a mandatory text for all community pharmacists
Despite lack of guideline use, pharmacists acknowledged how essential guidelines
such as the APF are, Ms Nona said.
‘And when pharmacists did use them, they found the information provided was invaluable.’
‘[But] a lot of the challenges stemmed from lack of time and, in some cases, a lack of up-to-date knowledge. We have so many things to do, and we need more time to do everything and to keep ourselves up to date.’
For Ms Nona, the solution lies in supporting pharmacists to use guidelines confidently and consistently in real-world conditions.
Some pharmacists report to PSA that they will often bring up the APF digital on the screen in the consultation room in emergency contraception discussions, particularly in situations which are new or unfamiliar.
Delivering a critical intervention
The key to emergency contraception provision is recognising the stakes.
‘The whole picture of providing emergency contraception is to make sure we are preventing pregnancies when people don't want to get pregnant – whatever the reason may be,’ Ms Nona said. ‘That’s why they come to see a pharmacist – to ensure the person has the best possible chance of preventing an unintended pregnancy.’
When pharmacists are supported to provide full information and informed choice, patients respond accordingly.
The Australian Pharmaceutical Formulary and Handbook (APF) chapter on ‘Emergency Contraception’, provides essential guidance on:
|
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[post_content] => Adrenaline (epinephrine) nasal spray (neffy) was recently approved by the Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA) and is now available for use in Australia.
The launch of the product marks the first time in over 30 years that a new way of administering adrenaline has been approved in Australia.
So how useful will having a new dose form be? The answer isn’t clear – but the reaction has been positive.
Professor Connie Katelaris AM, a leading NSW allergist welcomes the additional option for care:
‘Anaphylaxis is a difficult condition to manage, with some patients reporting challenges. neffy has been available for some time overseas and now patients in Australia will have access.’
AP explores its place in therapy and whether it’s worth the price.
How does the nasal spray differ from EpiPen?
Similar to EpiPen, neffy delivers adrenaline, the active ingredient used to treat anaphylaxis, a spokesperson for CSL Seqirus, the manufacturer of the medicine, told AP.
‘[However it] doesn’t contain a needle and doesn't require an injection.’
[caption id="attachment_31382" align="aligncenter" width="500"] Supplied by CSL Seqirus[/caption]
Using a similar delivery device as opioid reversal medicines, the nasal spray administers adrenaline via the nasal mucosa, enabling rapid absorption into the bloodstream.
Can it be placed in a resuscitation kit?
Yes, and no.
While neffy contains adrenaline and is indicated for the same purpose as injectable adrenaline normally kept as part of a resuscitation kit, there is a key difference.
‘Resuscitation kits generally stock items that are Schedule 3, and neffy is currently a Prescription only (Schedule 4) medication,’ the CSL spokesperson said.
Who is the nasal spray best suited to?
Adrenaline (epinephrine) nasal spray is indicated for emergency treatment of anaphylaxis in patients aged 4 years and older and weighing 15 kg or greater, offering an alternative administration route for those who may be needle-phobic – particularly young children.
The medicine comes in two strengths:
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[post_content] => Early monitoring, sensitive communication and guideline awareness are essential when medicines are used to manage youth mental health.
Almost two in five (around 40%) of Australians aged 16–24 years experience a mental disorder in any given year, with depression and anxiety frequently emerging during adolescence and early adulthood.
Despite clinical guidelines recommending psychological therapies such as cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) as first-line treatment, antidepressants can be prescribed before CBT practice, said Ms Lily Pham MPS, a lecturer at the University of Sydney – who is presenting at the upcoming PSA webinar Antidepressants and adolescents – what every pharmacist should know.
‘Pharmacists often get prescriptions for antidepressants where a young person hasn't received CBT yet – particularly if they’re on a waiting list to receive CBT,’ she said. ‘Antidepressants are typically recommended to be used for 6–12 months before deprescribing should be considered. But we’re finding that doesn’t happen a lot of the time.’
There’s often a gap between guideline recommendations and what pharmacists actually encounter in day-to-day practice. So initiating conversations about treatment planning requires both confidence and clarity.
‘It’s about being able to engage in those conversations and also knowing what to do when you gain that information,’ Ms Pham said.
Bridging the gap when CBT is delayed
Conversations around mental health require careful attention to privacy and tone.
‘It’s important not to use judgmental language,’ Ms Pham said. ‘We might engage in conversation by saying, “I’m just going to ask you a couple of questions about this medication – would you feel comfortable with that?’
Explaining intent can reduce defensiveness and reframe the conversation as supportive rather than interrogative.
‘If you say, “The reason I'm asking is because I want to be able to give you information about the medication that's tailored to you” for example, it can often open up the conversation better,’ she said.
When sensitive topics, including mental health, are discussed, there should always be the option to move into a consultation room.
Pharmacists can also use simple, open-ended questions to explore whether broader treatment planning has been discussed.
‘It comes down to signposting,’ Ms Pham said. ‘You could ask, “is this the first time you’ve used this medication?” And then you might follow with, “When people start this medication, their GP can sometimes have conversations about other strategies, like CBT. Is that something you’ve discussed with your GP?”’
Given much antidepressant use in adolescents is off label, product information doesn’t clearly outline use in younger populations.
‘This is where guidelines specific to prescribing for younger people should be considered,’ she said.
Where clarification with the prescriber is required, young people should not be excluded from the process.
‘Young people often feel very disempowered within the healthcare system, so it’s important that health professionals support young people to have a voice in their healthcare,’ Ms Pham said. ‘If you are going to have those conversations, make sure you also include that young person. That might include saying, “would you mind if I speak to your GP to clarify XYZ details”, if those details haven't been established through your conversations with the young person.’
Checking duration against intention
Through dispensing histories and repeat supply intervals, pharmacists can prompt gentle check-ins around duration of and response to therapy.
‘If you’ve noticed in your dispensing system that a person has been on an antidepressant for over 12 months, flag a conversation with that young person about how they are feeling on the medication, how their mood is, and whether or not they have discussed with their GP about deprescribing or tapering the dose,’ Ms Pham said.
However, pharmacists should use their clinical judgement when approaching this conversation.
‘You would only really have that conversation if that person was faring well,’ she said. ‘If they say, “My mood’s still not great,” you’re not going to ask if they have decided to consider deprescribing. Instead, you might discuss openness to alternative drug regimens with them and their prescriber.’
Repeat supply also provides an opportunity to check whether appropriate review and deprescribing discussions have occurred.
‘You can flag whether this conversation has occurred using your dispensing system every 6 to 12 months,’ Ms Pham said.
Monitoring efficacy and tolerability
When dispensing antidepressants, pharmacists have the opportunity to monitor for both efficacy and adverse effects – particularly those that young people may feel reluctant to disclose.
‘One of the big ones is around sexual dysfunction,’ Ms Pham said. ‘So it's checking in with those short-and longer- term adverse effects, as well as looking at the efficacy of the medication and the need.’
Monitoring and review are shared responsibilities rather than isolated tasks.
‘There is an onus of responsibility on every member of the multidisciplinary healthcare team when you do come in contact, or you do interact with that young person, to check in,’ Ms Pham said.
Even under 60-day dispensing arrangements, pharmacists retain regular contact with young patients using antidepressants.
‘If the GP checks in with them at every appointment, and then the pharmacist once every 2 months – we can still provide touchpoints in that person’s care. And young people would appreciate being engaged in non-judgemental conversations about their care.’
Learn more about pharmacists’ role in the quality use of antidepressants for teens and young adults by attending the PSA webinar Antidepressants and adolescents – what every pharmacist should know, held on 17 February 2026 at 7.00–8.30 pm AEDT.
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[title_attribute] => Supporting quality use of antidepressants in adolescents
[title] => Supporting quality use of antidepressants in adolescents
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[post_content] => Complex, undiagnosed pelvic pain can often leave patients in awful limbo. Pharmacists can help them understand what drives – and can interrupt – pain.
For some people, severe and chronic pelvic pain persists despite extensive investigations and no confirmed diagnosis of endometriosis. In some cases, pain continues even after surgery to remove endometriosis lesions.
Other people may experience overlapping pain conditions such as bladder pain syndrome, irritable bowel syndrome or musculoskeletal dysfunction.
Without a diagnosis, these people often fall through the cracks – left managing debilitating pain with little clarity, validation or structured care.
‘Early intervention in pelvic pain is crucial to reduce the risk of maladaptation, central sensitisation and the significant social, work-related and mental health impacts of untreated pain,’ according to the Chairperson of Chronic Pain Australia, Nicolette Ellis MPS, a pharmacist.
Even without a confirmed diagnosis, commencing appropriate hormonal therapy and analgesics is recommended, she says. Medicines alone are rarely sufficient, and a pelvic pain physiotherapist is often the most important allied health referral to address muscle overactivity and contributors to persistent pain.
Ms Ellis says chronic pelvic pain is best managed through a team-based approach, where pharmacists, GPs, physiotherapists, psychologists and specialists each address different contributors to the pain experience. Clear communication and shared understanding between disciplines can improve outcomes significantly.
‘Around two in three people with chronic pain experience a secondary mental health condition,’ Ms Ellis says.
‘Catastrophising, rumination and helplessness are very common, especially when patients have been repeatedly bounced around the health system without answers.’
Free pain-specific supports like MindSpot, as well as peer networks such as PainLink helpline 1300 340 357 and Chronic Pain Australia’s support groups, can be invaluable, she says, alongside psychologists with an interest in pain.
Chronic vs acute pelvic pain
Acute pelvic pain typically presents suddenly, says Ms Ellis.
Often, it comes with red flags such as severe unilateral pain, fever, vomiting or rapid escalation, warranting urgent medical review. Chronic pelvic pain, in contrast, develops over months or years. It often follows patterns linked to menstrual cycles, bladder or bowel function, stress or muscle tension.
Many people with pelvic pain also dismiss their symptoms. Ms Ellis says they normalise heavy bleeding, bloating or discomfort, which can delay recognition that these patterns are not normal and require assessment. Chronic pelvic pain is defined as pain persisting for more than 3 months that does not need to occur daily. Pain that occurs on more than 10–15 days per month over a 3-month period is generally considered to meet the criteria.
‘A lack of diagnosis should never limit a clinician’s ability to treat, educate or support a patient in managing their pain.’ Ms Ellis stresses. See overleaf for two interesting case studies on undiagnosed pelvic pain that were not endometriosis.
Box 1 - Referral pathways
Pharmacists seeking help for patients with chronic or unexplained pelvic pain can
refer to:
|
Tahnee Simpson[/caption]
Nicolette Ellis MPS[/caption]
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[post_content] => Victoria recently announced ADHD reforms, with ‘specialist GPs’ now able to continue ADHD prescriptions for existing patients.
But last week, the Allan Government also unveiled a nation-first initiative. From September, an online emergency prescribing pathway will allow people with an existing ADHD diagnosis to obtain urgent repeat medicine through the Victorian Virtual Emergency Department (VVED).
AP explores what the new model involves, the safeguards that will be in place and what’s happening in other states and territories.
What’s the purpose of the service?
The telehealth service is designed to address growing concern about long specialist waitlists, escalating costs and the clinical risks associated with abrupt cessation of Schedule 8 ADHD medicines – which can lead to symptom rebound, functional impairment and significant distress.
A Department of Health spokesperson told AP that the service would provide a targeted safety net, rather than a substitute for established care arrangements.
‘The Victorian Virtual Emergency Department will offer a safe way for Victorians with an existing ADHD diagnosis to refill an urgent prescription for ADHD medication,’ the spokesperson said.
How will urgent ADHD ‘repeats’ be issued?
Clinicians working within the VVED will verify the patient’s current medicine and dosage before issuing a prescription, the spokesperson said.
Scripts will be sent directly to the patient’s local pharmacy, with patients advised of the closest pharmacy in operation at the time of prescribing.
The Department of Health emphasised that the pathway will not replace routine ADHD management.
‘This is for emergency situations only and will not replace the important ongoing treatment and relationship between a patient and their clinician,’ the spokesperson said.
Who will be eligible?
The Victorian model allows adults and children aged 6 and over with an existing ADHD diagnosis to access the service who cannot secure a timely appointment with their usual clinician.
The service will be limited to people who are already prescribed ADHD medicines.
The VVED will not initiate ADHD treatment, alter dosages or provide ongoing prescribing.
What are the safeguards?
Existing regulatory requirements and clinical guidelines for ADHD medicines will remain fully in place under the VVED pathway.
‘The clinicians at the VVED, including paediatricians and psychiatrists, are highly experienced and highly skilled,’ the spokesperson said. ‘They will prescribe the medication within their existing scope of practice and clinical operations.’
Mandatory use of SafeScript for Schedule 8 medicines will continue to operate as a core safeguard. This ensures prescribers and pharmacists can monitor dispensing histories and reduces the risk of patients obtaining excessive prescriptions from multiple clinicians.
The Department has stressed that responsibility for ongoing ADHD management remains with the patient’s regular clinician, with the VVED acting solely as a one-off support mechanism that complements broader reforms aimed at expanding GP involvement in ADHD care.
And rather than providing a script to the patient, the script will be sent directly to their local pharmacy. When issuing a script, the VVED advises the patient of the closest pharmacy in operation.
Part of a broader national shift
Victoria’s online emergency model sits within a wider national trend to rebalance ADHD care away from exclusive reliance on specialist services.
Since 1 December 2025, ‘specialist GPs' in Queensland have been able to initiate, modify and continue stimulant treatment for adults with ADHD under updated Queensland Health guidance.
Today (11 February), ACT Health issued an announcement on ADHD prescribing, with GPs who have completed approved training now able to continue prescribing ADHD medicines for eligible patients without requiring repeated reviews from a psychiatrist, paediatrician or neurologist.
And other jurisdictions have since followed suit, including New South Wales, Western Australia and South Australia – which are set to roll out similar reforms this year.
Across Australia, governments are seeking to reduce wait times, lower out-of-pocket costs and embed ADHD care more firmly within primary care, while maintaining strong oversight of Schedule 8 stimulants such as methylphenidate, dexamfetamine and lisdexamfetamine via authorised prescribing schemes and real-time prescription monitoring checks. Non-stimulant ADHD medicines remain Schedule 4 and continue to be prescribed under existing arrangements.
For more information, complete the PSA online module: ADHD explained.
[post_title] => What pharmacists need to know about emergency prescribing for ADHD
[post_excerpt] => Victoria is the latest state to announce ADHD reforms, with ‘specialist GPs’ now able to continue ADHD prescriptions for existing patients.
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[title] => What pharmacists need to know about emergency prescribing for ADHD
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[post_content] => The gap between evidence and everyday practice is impacting patient access to emergency contraception.
Community pharmacies are often the first – and sometimes only – point of access for emergency contraception in Australia.
But a new qualitative study found there are still persistent gaps between what the guidelines say and what happens in practice.
Ruth Nona, pharmacist and researcher at James Cook University, who interviewed community pharmacists about providing emergency contraception services, describes a workforce that is broadly willing to help, but not always set up to deliver consistently equitable care.
1. Not recommending ulipristal as first-line
One of the most significant gaps identified in the study was the tendency for pharmacists to default to levonorgestrel, despite guidance in the Australian Pharmaceutical Formulary and Handbook (APF) that ulipristal acetate is generally considered more effective than levonorgestrel and can be used up to 120 hours after unprotected intercourse.
‘Habit definitely plays a role,’ Ms Nona said. ‘Some pharmacists felt more comfortable and confident supplying levonorgestrel. For example, if someone requested emergency contraception within 24 hours, pharmacists felt levonorgestrel was acceptable within that timeframe, without fully considering efficacy.’
[caption id="attachment_31329" align="alignright" width="250"] Ruth Nona[/caption]
In some pharmacies, price differences influenced whether ulipristal acetate was presented as an option.
‘In certain socio-economic areas, cost was a driver,’ Ms Nona said. ‘Cost considerations were also sometimes linked to younger people coming in and asking whether there was a cheaper option.’
Sometimes, levonorgestrel was the only medicine on hand.
‘There was research that came out showing that some pharmacies still did not stock ulipristal acetate,’ she said. ‘It’s been an ongoing issue, and something that really needs to be addressed.’
However, patients need to be able to make an informed decision about which medicine to take.
‘As stated in the guidelines, it’s about making sure all patients are given the information they need to make an informed and equitable choice. If the patient wants a particular option, that’s fine, but they need to be able to make that decision with the full information,’ Ms Nona said.
‘When pharmacists did give the full picture and explained the differences, more often than not the patient chose ulipristal acetate, even though it cost more.’
‘If the patient wants a particular option, that’s fine, but they need to be able to make that decision with the full information.'
Ruth nona
2. Uncertainty when responding to third-party requests
Pharmacists reported particular uncertainty when providing emergency contraception to third parties, with many wary about consent and unsure whether they could provide it to someone who wasn’t the patient.
‘In most cases, they would follow up and ask to contact the patient directly,’ Ms Nona said. ‘It wasn’t that they didn’t want to provide it – they just felt unsure and they wanted to make sure that the patient had consented.’
While in many cases, speaking to the intended person directly can help provide key information and counselling, in circumstances where this is not possible, it is usually possible to determine the medicine is safe and therapeutically appropriate, and supply in a manner consistent with APF guidance and legal obligations.
3. Uncertainty providing emergency contraception to adolescents
Similarly, pharmacists were ‘uncomfortable’ providing the service to adolescents.
This uncertainty often centred on fear of making the wrong decision or facing professional consequences.
‘They still wanted to provide the service, but it was more that internal question of, “Should I do this? Am I going to get in trouble?”’
There are no jurisdictions where there’s a legal restriction from supplying emergency contraception to minors. The APF guidance helps pharmacists navigate Gillick competency and consent in adolescents, ensuring they demonstrate sufficient maturity and understanding to provide informed consent.
Ms Nona emphasised that the issue was confidence, not capability.
‘It’s about being familiar with the guidelines, making sure we’re as up to date as possible and realising that it’s okay for us to provide these services, provided the adolescent is [assessed as Gillick competent] mentally mature and safe,’ she said.
The APF references Gillick competency provided the adolescent is [assessed as Gillick competent (demonstrating sufficient maturity and understanding to provide informed consent)]
4. Uncertainty for transgender people on gender affirming hormone therapy
While pharmacists were generally supportive towards transgender and gender-diverse patients, lack of familiarity with hormone therapy raised hesitation.
‘There are absolutely no interactions between emergency contraception and gender-affirming hormones’ Ms Nona said. ‘It really comes down to knowledge, which builds confidence, and being up to date to make sure the service we provide is timely and equitable.’
In some areas, pharmacists may frequently encounter transgender and gender- diverse patients requesting emergency contraception, while pharmacists in other areas do not.
‘That’s why it’s also about being prepared. You never know when that situation might arise,’ she added.
Should pharmacists feel unsure during these consultations, pharmacists can and should engage with the APF.
‘Pharmacists did say that if that situation did occur with a transgender or gender- diverse person that they would be honest and say to them, “Do you mind if I consult my resources?”’
Another reason the APF is a mandatory text for all community pharmacists
Despite lack of guideline use, pharmacists acknowledged how essential guidelines
such as the APF are, Ms Nona said.
‘And when pharmacists did use them, they found the information provided was invaluable.’
‘[But] a lot of the challenges stemmed from lack of time and, in some cases, a lack of up-to-date knowledge. We have so many things to do, and we need more time to do everything and to keep ourselves up to date.’
For Ms Nona, the solution lies in supporting pharmacists to use guidelines confidently and consistently in real-world conditions.
Some pharmacists report to PSA that they will often bring up the APF digital on the screen in the consultation room in emergency contraception discussions, particularly in situations which are new or unfamiliar.
Delivering a critical intervention
The key to emergency contraception provision is recognising the stakes.
‘The whole picture of providing emergency contraception is to make sure we are preventing pregnancies when people don't want to get pregnant – whatever the reason may be,’ Ms Nona said. ‘That’s why they come to see a pharmacist – to ensure the person has the best possible chance of preventing an unintended pregnancy.’
When pharmacists are supported to provide full information and informed choice, patients respond accordingly.
The Australian Pharmaceutical Formulary and Handbook (APF) chapter on ‘Emergency Contraception’, provides essential guidance on:
|
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[post_content] => Adrenaline (epinephrine) nasal spray (neffy) was recently approved by the Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA) and is now available for use in Australia.
The launch of the product marks the first time in over 30 years that a new way of administering adrenaline has been approved in Australia.
So how useful will having a new dose form be? The answer isn’t clear – but the reaction has been positive.
Professor Connie Katelaris AM, a leading NSW allergist welcomes the additional option for care:
‘Anaphylaxis is a difficult condition to manage, with some patients reporting challenges. neffy has been available for some time overseas and now patients in Australia will have access.’
AP explores its place in therapy and whether it’s worth the price.
How does the nasal spray differ from EpiPen?
Similar to EpiPen, neffy delivers adrenaline, the active ingredient used to treat anaphylaxis, a spokesperson for CSL Seqirus, the manufacturer of the medicine, told AP.
‘[However it] doesn’t contain a needle and doesn't require an injection.’
[caption id="attachment_31382" align="aligncenter" width="500"] Supplied by CSL Seqirus[/caption]
Using a similar delivery device as opioid reversal medicines, the nasal spray administers adrenaline via the nasal mucosa, enabling rapid absorption into the bloodstream.
Can it be placed in a resuscitation kit?
Yes, and no.
While neffy contains adrenaline and is indicated for the same purpose as injectable adrenaline normally kept as part of a resuscitation kit, there is a key difference.
‘Resuscitation kits generally stock items that are Schedule 3, and neffy is currently a Prescription only (Schedule 4) medication,’ the CSL spokesperson said.
Who is the nasal spray best suited to?
Adrenaline (epinephrine) nasal spray is indicated for emergency treatment of anaphylaxis in patients aged 4 years and older and weighing 15 kg or greater, offering an alternative administration route for those who may be needle-phobic – particularly young children.
The medicine comes in two strengths:
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[post_content] => Early monitoring, sensitive communication and guideline awareness are essential when medicines are used to manage youth mental health.
Almost two in five (around 40%) of Australians aged 16–24 years experience a mental disorder in any given year, with depression and anxiety frequently emerging during adolescence and early adulthood.
Despite clinical guidelines recommending psychological therapies such as cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) as first-line treatment, antidepressants can be prescribed before CBT practice, said Ms Lily Pham MPS, a lecturer at the University of Sydney – who is presenting at the upcoming PSA webinar Antidepressants and adolescents – what every pharmacist should know.
‘Pharmacists often get prescriptions for antidepressants where a young person hasn't received CBT yet – particularly if they’re on a waiting list to receive CBT,’ she said. ‘Antidepressants are typically recommended to be used for 6–12 months before deprescribing should be considered. But we’re finding that doesn’t happen a lot of the time.’
There’s often a gap between guideline recommendations and what pharmacists actually encounter in day-to-day practice. So initiating conversations about treatment planning requires both confidence and clarity.
‘It’s about being able to engage in those conversations and also knowing what to do when you gain that information,’ Ms Pham said.
Bridging the gap when CBT is delayed
Conversations around mental health require careful attention to privacy and tone.
‘It’s important not to use judgmental language,’ Ms Pham said. ‘We might engage in conversation by saying, “I’m just going to ask you a couple of questions about this medication – would you feel comfortable with that?’
Explaining intent can reduce defensiveness and reframe the conversation as supportive rather than interrogative.
‘If you say, “The reason I'm asking is because I want to be able to give you information about the medication that's tailored to you” for example, it can often open up the conversation better,’ she said.
When sensitive topics, including mental health, are discussed, there should always be the option to move into a consultation room.
Pharmacists can also use simple, open-ended questions to explore whether broader treatment planning has been discussed.
‘It comes down to signposting,’ Ms Pham said. ‘You could ask, “is this the first time you’ve used this medication?” And then you might follow with, “When people start this medication, their GP can sometimes have conversations about other strategies, like CBT. Is that something you’ve discussed with your GP?”’
Given much antidepressant use in adolescents is off label, product information doesn’t clearly outline use in younger populations.
‘This is where guidelines specific to prescribing for younger people should be considered,’ she said.
Where clarification with the prescriber is required, young people should not be excluded from the process.
‘Young people often feel very disempowered within the healthcare system, so it’s important that health professionals support young people to have a voice in their healthcare,’ Ms Pham said. ‘If you are going to have those conversations, make sure you also include that young person. That might include saying, “would you mind if I speak to your GP to clarify XYZ details”, if those details haven't been established through your conversations with the young person.’
Checking duration against intention
Through dispensing histories and repeat supply intervals, pharmacists can prompt gentle check-ins around duration of and response to therapy.
‘If you’ve noticed in your dispensing system that a person has been on an antidepressant for over 12 months, flag a conversation with that young person about how they are feeling on the medication, how their mood is, and whether or not they have discussed with their GP about deprescribing or tapering the dose,’ Ms Pham said.
However, pharmacists should use their clinical judgement when approaching this conversation.
‘You would only really have that conversation if that person was faring well,’ she said. ‘If they say, “My mood’s still not great,” you’re not going to ask if they have decided to consider deprescribing. Instead, you might discuss openness to alternative drug regimens with them and their prescriber.’
Repeat supply also provides an opportunity to check whether appropriate review and deprescribing discussions have occurred.
‘You can flag whether this conversation has occurred using your dispensing system every 6 to 12 months,’ Ms Pham said.
Monitoring efficacy and tolerability
When dispensing antidepressants, pharmacists have the opportunity to monitor for both efficacy and adverse effects – particularly those that young people may feel reluctant to disclose.
‘One of the big ones is around sexual dysfunction,’ Ms Pham said. ‘So it's checking in with those short-and longer- term adverse effects, as well as looking at the efficacy of the medication and the need.’
Monitoring and review are shared responsibilities rather than isolated tasks.
‘There is an onus of responsibility on every member of the multidisciplinary healthcare team when you do come in contact, or you do interact with that young person, to check in,’ Ms Pham said.
Even under 60-day dispensing arrangements, pharmacists retain regular contact with young patients using antidepressants.
‘If the GP checks in with them at every appointment, and then the pharmacist once every 2 months – we can still provide touchpoints in that person’s care. And young people would appreciate being engaged in non-judgemental conversations about their care.’
Learn more about pharmacists’ role in the quality use of antidepressants for teens and young adults by attending the PSA webinar Antidepressants and adolescents – what every pharmacist should know, held on 17 February 2026 at 7.00–8.30 pm AEDT.
[post_title] => Supporting quality use of antidepressants in adolescents
[post_excerpt] => Early monitoring, sensitive communication and guideline awareness are essential when medicines are used to manage youth mental health.
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[post_content] => Complex, undiagnosed pelvic pain can often leave patients in awful limbo. Pharmacists can help them understand what drives – and can interrupt – pain.
For some people, severe and chronic pelvic pain persists despite extensive investigations and no confirmed diagnosis of endometriosis. In some cases, pain continues even after surgery to remove endometriosis lesions.
Other people may experience overlapping pain conditions such as bladder pain syndrome, irritable bowel syndrome or musculoskeletal dysfunction.
Without a diagnosis, these people often fall through the cracks – left managing debilitating pain with little clarity, validation or structured care.
‘Early intervention in pelvic pain is crucial to reduce the risk of maladaptation, central sensitisation and the significant social, work-related and mental health impacts of untreated pain,’ according to the Chairperson of Chronic Pain Australia, Nicolette Ellis MPS, a pharmacist.
Even without a confirmed diagnosis, commencing appropriate hormonal therapy and analgesics is recommended, she says. Medicines alone are rarely sufficient, and a pelvic pain physiotherapist is often the most important allied health referral to address muscle overactivity and contributors to persistent pain.
Ms Ellis says chronic pelvic pain is best managed through a team-based approach, where pharmacists, GPs, physiotherapists, psychologists and specialists each address different contributors to the pain experience. Clear communication and shared understanding between disciplines can improve outcomes significantly.
‘Around two in three people with chronic pain experience a secondary mental health condition,’ Ms Ellis says.
‘Catastrophising, rumination and helplessness are very common, especially when patients have been repeatedly bounced around the health system without answers.’
Free pain-specific supports like MindSpot, as well as peer networks such as PainLink helpline 1300 340 357 and Chronic Pain Australia’s support groups, can be invaluable, she says, alongside psychologists with an interest in pain.
Chronic vs acute pelvic pain
Acute pelvic pain typically presents suddenly, says Ms Ellis.
Often, it comes with red flags such as severe unilateral pain, fever, vomiting or rapid escalation, warranting urgent medical review. Chronic pelvic pain, in contrast, develops over months or years. It often follows patterns linked to menstrual cycles, bladder or bowel function, stress or muscle tension.
Many people with pelvic pain also dismiss their symptoms. Ms Ellis says they normalise heavy bleeding, bloating or discomfort, which can delay recognition that these patterns are not normal and require assessment. Chronic pelvic pain is defined as pain persisting for more than 3 months that does not need to occur daily. Pain that occurs on more than 10–15 days per month over a 3-month period is generally considered to meet the criteria.
‘A lack of diagnosis should never limit a clinician’s ability to treat, educate or support a patient in managing their pain.’ Ms Ellis stresses. See overleaf for two interesting case studies on undiagnosed pelvic pain that were not endometriosis.
Box 1 - Referral pathways
Pharmacists seeking help for patients with chronic or unexplained pelvic pain can
refer to:
|
Tahnee Simpson[/caption]
Nicolette Ellis MPS[/caption]
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[post_content] => Victoria recently announced ADHD reforms, with ‘specialist GPs’ now able to continue ADHD prescriptions for existing patients.
But last week, the Allan Government also unveiled a nation-first initiative. From September, an online emergency prescribing pathway will allow people with an existing ADHD diagnosis to obtain urgent repeat medicine through the Victorian Virtual Emergency Department (VVED).
AP explores what the new model involves, the safeguards that will be in place and what’s happening in other states and territories.
What’s the purpose of the service?
The telehealth service is designed to address growing concern about long specialist waitlists, escalating costs and the clinical risks associated with abrupt cessation of Schedule 8 ADHD medicines – which can lead to symptom rebound, functional impairment and significant distress.
A Department of Health spokesperson told AP that the service would provide a targeted safety net, rather than a substitute for established care arrangements.
‘The Victorian Virtual Emergency Department will offer a safe way for Victorians with an existing ADHD diagnosis to refill an urgent prescription for ADHD medication,’ the spokesperson said.
How will urgent ADHD ‘repeats’ be issued?
Clinicians working within the VVED will verify the patient’s current medicine and dosage before issuing a prescription, the spokesperson said.
Scripts will be sent directly to the patient’s local pharmacy, with patients advised of the closest pharmacy in operation at the time of prescribing.
The Department of Health emphasised that the pathway will not replace routine ADHD management.
‘This is for emergency situations only and will not replace the important ongoing treatment and relationship between a patient and their clinician,’ the spokesperson said.
Who will be eligible?
The Victorian model allows adults and children aged 6 and over with an existing ADHD diagnosis to access the service who cannot secure a timely appointment with their usual clinician.
The service will be limited to people who are already prescribed ADHD medicines.
The VVED will not initiate ADHD treatment, alter dosages or provide ongoing prescribing.
What are the safeguards?
Existing regulatory requirements and clinical guidelines for ADHD medicines will remain fully in place under the VVED pathway.
‘The clinicians at the VVED, including paediatricians and psychiatrists, are highly experienced and highly skilled,’ the spokesperson said. ‘They will prescribe the medication within their existing scope of practice and clinical operations.’
Mandatory use of SafeScript for Schedule 8 medicines will continue to operate as a core safeguard. This ensures prescribers and pharmacists can monitor dispensing histories and reduces the risk of patients obtaining excessive prescriptions from multiple clinicians.
The Department has stressed that responsibility for ongoing ADHD management remains with the patient’s regular clinician, with the VVED acting solely as a one-off support mechanism that complements broader reforms aimed at expanding GP involvement in ADHD care.
And rather than providing a script to the patient, the script will be sent directly to their local pharmacy. When issuing a script, the VVED advises the patient of the closest pharmacy in operation.
Part of a broader national shift
Victoria’s online emergency model sits within a wider national trend to rebalance ADHD care away from exclusive reliance on specialist services.
Since 1 December 2025, ‘specialist GPs' in Queensland have been able to initiate, modify and continue stimulant treatment for adults with ADHD under updated Queensland Health guidance.
Today (11 February), ACT Health issued an announcement on ADHD prescribing, with GPs who have completed approved training now able to continue prescribing ADHD medicines for eligible patients without requiring repeated reviews from a psychiatrist, paediatrician or neurologist.
And other jurisdictions have since followed suit, including New South Wales, Western Australia and South Australia – which are set to roll out similar reforms this year.
Across Australia, governments are seeking to reduce wait times, lower out-of-pocket costs and embed ADHD care more firmly within primary care, while maintaining strong oversight of Schedule 8 stimulants such as methylphenidate, dexamfetamine and lisdexamfetamine via authorised prescribing schemes and real-time prescription monitoring checks. Non-stimulant ADHD medicines remain Schedule 4 and continue to be prescribed under existing arrangements.
For more information, complete the PSA online module: ADHD explained.
[post_title] => What pharmacists need to know about emergency prescribing for ADHD
[post_excerpt] => Victoria is the latest state to announce ADHD reforms, with ‘specialist GPs’ now able to continue ADHD prescriptions for existing patients.
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[title_attribute] => What pharmacists need to know about emergency prescribing for ADHD
[title] => What pharmacists need to know about emergency prescribing for ADHD
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[post_content] => The gap between evidence and everyday practice is impacting patient access to emergency contraception.
Community pharmacies are often the first – and sometimes only – point of access for emergency contraception in Australia.
But a new qualitative study found there are still persistent gaps between what the guidelines say and what happens in practice.
Ruth Nona, pharmacist and researcher at James Cook University, who interviewed community pharmacists about providing emergency contraception services, describes a workforce that is broadly willing to help, but not always set up to deliver consistently equitable care.
1. Not recommending ulipristal as first-line
One of the most significant gaps identified in the study was the tendency for pharmacists to default to levonorgestrel, despite guidance in the Australian Pharmaceutical Formulary and Handbook (APF) that ulipristal acetate is generally considered more effective than levonorgestrel and can be used up to 120 hours after unprotected intercourse.
‘Habit definitely plays a role,’ Ms Nona said. ‘Some pharmacists felt more comfortable and confident supplying levonorgestrel. For example, if someone requested emergency contraception within 24 hours, pharmacists felt levonorgestrel was acceptable within that timeframe, without fully considering efficacy.’
[caption id="attachment_31329" align="alignright" width="250"] Ruth Nona[/caption]
In some pharmacies, price differences influenced whether ulipristal acetate was presented as an option.
‘In certain socio-economic areas, cost was a driver,’ Ms Nona said. ‘Cost considerations were also sometimes linked to younger people coming in and asking whether there was a cheaper option.’
Sometimes, levonorgestrel was the only medicine on hand.
‘There was research that came out showing that some pharmacies still did not stock ulipristal acetate,’ she said. ‘It’s been an ongoing issue, and something that really needs to be addressed.’
However, patients need to be able to make an informed decision about which medicine to take.
‘As stated in the guidelines, it’s about making sure all patients are given the information they need to make an informed and equitable choice. If the patient wants a particular option, that’s fine, but they need to be able to make that decision with the full information,’ Ms Nona said.
‘When pharmacists did give the full picture and explained the differences, more often than not the patient chose ulipristal acetate, even though it cost more.’
‘If the patient wants a particular option, that’s fine, but they need to be able to make that decision with the full information.'
Ruth nona
2. Uncertainty when responding to third-party requests
Pharmacists reported particular uncertainty when providing emergency contraception to third parties, with many wary about consent and unsure whether they could provide it to someone who wasn’t the patient.
‘In most cases, they would follow up and ask to contact the patient directly,’ Ms Nona said. ‘It wasn’t that they didn’t want to provide it – they just felt unsure and they wanted to make sure that the patient had consented.’
While in many cases, speaking to the intended person directly can help provide key information and counselling, in circumstances where this is not possible, it is usually possible to determine the medicine is safe and therapeutically appropriate, and supply in a manner consistent with APF guidance and legal obligations.
3. Uncertainty providing emergency contraception to adolescents
Similarly, pharmacists were ‘uncomfortable’ providing the service to adolescents.
This uncertainty often centred on fear of making the wrong decision or facing professional consequences.
‘They still wanted to provide the service, but it was more that internal question of, “Should I do this? Am I going to get in trouble?”’
There are no jurisdictions where there’s a legal restriction from supplying emergency contraception to minors. The APF guidance helps pharmacists navigate Gillick competency and consent in adolescents, ensuring they demonstrate sufficient maturity and understanding to provide informed consent.
Ms Nona emphasised that the issue was confidence, not capability.
‘It’s about being familiar with the guidelines, making sure we’re as up to date as possible and realising that it’s okay for us to provide these services, provided the adolescent is [assessed as Gillick competent] mentally mature and safe,’ she said.
The APF references Gillick competency provided the adolescent is [assessed as Gillick competent (demonstrating sufficient maturity and understanding to provide informed consent)]
4. Uncertainty for transgender people on gender affirming hormone therapy
While pharmacists were generally supportive towards transgender and gender-diverse patients, lack of familiarity with hormone therapy raised hesitation.
‘There are absolutely no interactions between emergency contraception and gender-affirming hormones’ Ms Nona said. ‘It really comes down to knowledge, which builds confidence, and being up to date to make sure the service we provide is timely and equitable.’
In some areas, pharmacists may frequently encounter transgender and gender- diverse patients requesting emergency contraception, while pharmacists in other areas do not.
‘That’s why it’s also about being prepared. You never know when that situation might arise,’ she added.
Should pharmacists feel unsure during these consultations, pharmacists can and should engage with the APF.
‘Pharmacists did say that if that situation did occur with a transgender or gender- diverse person that they would be honest and say to them, “Do you mind if I consult my resources?”’
Another reason the APF is a mandatory text for all community pharmacists
Despite lack of guideline use, pharmacists acknowledged how essential guidelines
such as the APF are, Ms Nona said.
‘And when pharmacists did use them, they found the information provided was invaluable.’
‘[But] a lot of the challenges stemmed from lack of time and, in some cases, a lack of up-to-date knowledge. We have so many things to do, and we need more time to do everything and to keep ourselves up to date.’
For Ms Nona, the solution lies in supporting pharmacists to use guidelines confidently and consistently in real-world conditions.
Some pharmacists report to PSA that they will often bring up the APF digital on the screen in the consultation room in emergency contraception discussions, particularly in situations which are new or unfamiliar.
Delivering a critical intervention
The key to emergency contraception provision is recognising the stakes.
‘The whole picture of providing emergency contraception is to make sure we are preventing pregnancies when people don't want to get pregnant – whatever the reason may be,’ Ms Nona said. ‘That’s why they come to see a pharmacist – to ensure the person has the best possible chance of preventing an unintended pregnancy.’
When pharmacists are supported to provide full information and informed choice, patients respond accordingly.
The Australian Pharmaceutical Formulary and Handbook (APF) chapter on ‘Emergency Contraception’, provides essential guidance on:
|
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[post_content] => Adrenaline (epinephrine) nasal spray (neffy) was recently approved by the Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA) and is now available for use in Australia.
The launch of the product marks the first time in over 30 years that a new way of administering adrenaline has been approved in Australia.
So how useful will having a new dose form be? The answer isn’t clear – but the reaction has been positive.
Professor Connie Katelaris AM, a leading NSW allergist welcomes the additional option for care:
‘Anaphylaxis is a difficult condition to manage, with some patients reporting challenges. neffy has been available for some time overseas and now patients in Australia will have access.’
AP explores its place in therapy and whether it’s worth the price.
How does the nasal spray differ from EpiPen?
Similar to EpiPen, neffy delivers adrenaline, the active ingredient used to treat anaphylaxis, a spokesperson for CSL Seqirus, the manufacturer of the medicine, told AP.
‘[However it] doesn’t contain a needle and doesn't require an injection.’
[caption id="attachment_31382" align="aligncenter" width="500"] Supplied by CSL Seqirus[/caption]
Using a similar delivery device as opioid reversal medicines, the nasal spray administers adrenaline via the nasal mucosa, enabling rapid absorption into the bloodstream.
Can it be placed in a resuscitation kit?
Yes, and no.
While neffy contains adrenaline and is indicated for the same purpose as injectable adrenaline normally kept as part of a resuscitation kit, there is a key difference.
‘Resuscitation kits generally stock items that are Schedule 3, and neffy is currently a Prescription only (Schedule 4) medication,’ the CSL spokesperson said.
Who is the nasal spray best suited to?
Adrenaline (epinephrine) nasal spray is indicated for emergency treatment of anaphylaxis in patients aged 4 years and older and weighing 15 kg or greater, offering an alternative administration route for those who may be needle-phobic – particularly young children.
The medicine comes in two strengths:
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[post_content] => Early monitoring, sensitive communication and guideline awareness are essential when medicines are used to manage youth mental health.
Almost two in five (around 40%) of Australians aged 16–24 years experience a mental disorder in any given year, with depression and anxiety frequently emerging during adolescence and early adulthood.
Despite clinical guidelines recommending psychological therapies such as cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) as first-line treatment, antidepressants can be prescribed before CBT practice, said Ms Lily Pham MPS, a lecturer at the University of Sydney – who is presenting at the upcoming PSA webinar Antidepressants and adolescents – what every pharmacist should know.
‘Pharmacists often get prescriptions for antidepressants where a young person hasn't received CBT yet – particularly if they’re on a waiting list to receive CBT,’ she said. ‘Antidepressants are typically recommended to be used for 6–12 months before deprescribing should be considered. But we’re finding that doesn’t happen a lot of the time.’
There’s often a gap between guideline recommendations and what pharmacists actually encounter in day-to-day practice. So initiating conversations about treatment planning requires both confidence and clarity.
‘It’s about being able to engage in those conversations and also knowing what to do when you gain that information,’ Ms Pham said.
Bridging the gap when CBT is delayed
Conversations around mental health require careful attention to privacy and tone.
‘It’s important not to use judgmental language,’ Ms Pham said. ‘We might engage in conversation by saying, “I’m just going to ask you a couple of questions about this medication – would you feel comfortable with that?’
Explaining intent can reduce defensiveness and reframe the conversation as supportive rather than interrogative.
‘If you say, “The reason I'm asking is because I want to be able to give you information about the medication that's tailored to you” for example, it can often open up the conversation better,’ she said.
When sensitive topics, including mental health, are discussed, there should always be the option to move into a consultation room.
Pharmacists can also use simple, open-ended questions to explore whether broader treatment planning has been discussed.
‘It comes down to signposting,’ Ms Pham said. ‘You could ask, “is this the first time you’ve used this medication?” And then you might follow with, “When people start this medication, their GP can sometimes have conversations about other strategies, like CBT. Is that something you’ve discussed with your GP?”’
Given much antidepressant use in adolescents is off label, product information doesn’t clearly outline use in younger populations.
‘This is where guidelines specific to prescribing for younger people should be considered,’ she said.
Where clarification with the prescriber is required, young people should not be excluded from the process.
‘Young people often feel very disempowered within the healthcare system, so it’s important that health professionals support young people to have a voice in their healthcare,’ Ms Pham said. ‘If you are going to have those conversations, make sure you also include that young person. That might include saying, “would you mind if I speak to your GP to clarify XYZ details”, if those details haven't been established through your conversations with the young person.’
Checking duration against intention
Through dispensing histories and repeat supply intervals, pharmacists can prompt gentle check-ins around duration of and response to therapy.
‘If you’ve noticed in your dispensing system that a person has been on an antidepressant for over 12 months, flag a conversation with that young person about how they are feeling on the medication, how their mood is, and whether or not they have discussed with their GP about deprescribing or tapering the dose,’ Ms Pham said.
However, pharmacists should use their clinical judgement when approaching this conversation.
‘You would only really have that conversation if that person was faring well,’ she said. ‘If they say, “My mood’s still not great,” you’re not going to ask if they have decided to consider deprescribing. Instead, you might discuss openness to alternative drug regimens with them and their prescriber.’
Repeat supply also provides an opportunity to check whether appropriate review and deprescribing discussions have occurred.
‘You can flag whether this conversation has occurred using your dispensing system every 6 to 12 months,’ Ms Pham said.
Monitoring efficacy and tolerability
When dispensing antidepressants, pharmacists have the opportunity to monitor for both efficacy and adverse effects – particularly those that young people may feel reluctant to disclose.
‘One of the big ones is around sexual dysfunction,’ Ms Pham said. ‘So it's checking in with those short-and longer- term adverse effects, as well as looking at the efficacy of the medication and the need.’
Monitoring and review are shared responsibilities rather than isolated tasks.
‘There is an onus of responsibility on every member of the multidisciplinary healthcare team when you do come in contact, or you do interact with that young person, to check in,’ Ms Pham said.
Even under 60-day dispensing arrangements, pharmacists retain regular contact with young patients using antidepressants.
‘If the GP checks in with them at every appointment, and then the pharmacist once every 2 months – we can still provide touchpoints in that person’s care. And young people would appreciate being engaged in non-judgemental conversations about their care.’
Learn more about pharmacists’ role in the quality use of antidepressants for teens and young adults by attending the PSA webinar Antidepressants and adolescents – what every pharmacist should know, held on 17 February 2026 at 7.00–8.30 pm AEDT.
[post_title] => Supporting quality use of antidepressants in adolescents
[post_excerpt] => Early monitoring, sensitive communication and guideline awareness are essential when medicines are used to manage youth mental health.
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[post_content] => Complex, undiagnosed pelvic pain can often leave patients in awful limbo. Pharmacists can help them understand what drives – and can interrupt – pain.
For some people, severe and chronic pelvic pain persists despite extensive investigations and no confirmed diagnosis of endometriosis. In some cases, pain continues even after surgery to remove endometriosis lesions.
Other people may experience overlapping pain conditions such as bladder pain syndrome, irritable bowel syndrome or musculoskeletal dysfunction.
Without a diagnosis, these people often fall through the cracks – left managing debilitating pain with little clarity, validation or structured care.
‘Early intervention in pelvic pain is crucial to reduce the risk of maladaptation, central sensitisation and the significant social, work-related and mental health impacts of untreated pain,’ according to the Chairperson of Chronic Pain Australia, Nicolette Ellis MPS, a pharmacist.
Even without a confirmed diagnosis, commencing appropriate hormonal therapy and analgesics is recommended, she says. Medicines alone are rarely sufficient, and a pelvic pain physiotherapist is often the most important allied health referral to address muscle overactivity and contributors to persistent pain.
Ms Ellis says chronic pelvic pain is best managed through a team-based approach, where pharmacists, GPs, physiotherapists, psychologists and specialists each address different contributors to the pain experience. Clear communication and shared understanding between disciplines can improve outcomes significantly.
‘Around two in three people with chronic pain experience a secondary mental health condition,’ Ms Ellis says.
‘Catastrophising, rumination and helplessness are very common, especially when patients have been repeatedly bounced around the health system without answers.’
Free pain-specific supports like MindSpot, as well as peer networks such as PainLink helpline 1300 340 357 and Chronic Pain Australia’s support groups, can be invaluable, she says, alongside psychologists with an interest in pain.
Chronic vs acute pelvic pain
Acute pelvic pain typically presents suddenly, says Ms Ellis.
Often, it comes with red flags such as severe unilateral pain, fever, vomiting or rapid escalation, warranting urgent medical review. Chronic pelvic pain, in contrast, develops over months or years. It often follows patterns linked to menstrual cycles, bladder or bowel function, stress or muscle tension.
Many people with pelvic pain also dismiss their symptoms. Ms Ellis says they normalise heavy bleeding, bloating or discomfort, which can delay recognition that these patterns are not normal and require assessment. Chronic pelvic pain is defined as pain persisting for more than 3 months that does not need to occur daily. Pain that occurs on more than 10–15 days per month over a 3-month period is generally considered to meet the criteria.
‘A lack of diagnosis should never limit a clinician’s ability to treat, educate or support a patient in managing their pain.’ Ms Ellis stresses. See overleaf for two interesting case studies on undiagnosed pelvic pain that were not endometriosis.
Box 1 - Referral pathways
Pharmacists seeking help for patients with chronic or unexplained pelvic pain can
refer to:
|
Tahnee Simpson[/caption]
Nicolette Ellis MPS[/caption]
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[post_content] => Victoria recently announced ADHD reforms, with ‘specialist GPs’ now able to continue ADHD prescriptions for existing patients.
But last week, the Allan Government also unveiled a nation-first initiative. From September, an online emergency prescribing pathway will allow people with an existing ADHD diagnosis to obtain urgent repeat medicine through the Victorian Virtual Emergency Department (VVED).
AP explores what the new model involves, the safeguards that will be in place and what’s happening in other states and territories.
What’s the purpose of the service?
The telehealth service is designed to address growing concern about long specialist waitlists, escalating costs and the clinical risks associated with abrupt cessation of Schedule 8 ADHD medicines – which can lead to symptom rebound, functional impairment and significant distress.
A Department of Health spokesperson told AP that the service would provide a targeted safety net, rather than a substitute for established care arrangements.
‘The Victorian Virtual Emergency Department will offer a safe way for Victorians with an existing ADHD diagnosis to refill an urgent prescription for ADHD medication,’ the spokesperson said.
How will urgent ADHD ‘repeats’ be issued?
Clinicians working within the VVED will verify the patient’s current medicine and dosage before issuing a prescription, the spokesperson said.
Scripts will be sent directly to the patient’s local pharmacy, with patients advised of the closest pharmacy in operation at the time of prescribing.
The Department of Health emphasised that the pathway will not replace routine ADHD management.
‘This is for emergency situations only and will not replace the important ongoing treatment and relationship between a patient and their clinician,’ the spokesperson said.
Who will be eligible?
The Victorian model allows adults and children aged 6 and over with an existing ADHD diagnosis to access the service who cannot secure a timely appointment with their usual clinician.
The service will be limited to people who are already prescribed ADHD medicines.
The VVED will not initiate ADHD treatment, alter dosages or provide ongoing prescribing.
What are the safeguards?
Existing regulatory requirements and clinical guidelines for ADHD medicines will remain fully in place under the VVED pathway.
‘The clinicians at the VVED, including paediatricians and psychiatrists, are highly experienced and highly skilled,’ the spokesperson said. ‘They will prescribe the medication within their existing scope of practice and clinical operations.’
Mandatory use of SafeScript for Schedule 8 medicines will continue to operate as a core safeguard. This ensures prescribers and pharmacists can monitor dispensing histories and reduces the risk of patients obtaining excessive prescriptions from multiple clinicians.
The Department has stressed that responsibility for ongoing ADHD management remains with the patient’s regular clinician, with the VVED acting solely as a one-off support mechanism that complements broader reforms aimed at expanding GP involvement in ADHD care.
And rather than providing a script to the patient, the script will be sent directly to their local pharmacy. When issuing a script, the VVED advises the patient of the closest pharmacy in operation.
Part of a broader national shift
Victoria’s online emergency model sits within a wider national trend to rebalance ADHD care away from exclusive reliance on specialist services.
Since 1 December 2025, ‘specialist GPs' in Queensland have been able to initiate, modify and continue stimulant treatment for adults with ADHD under updated Queensland Health guidance.
Today (11 February), ACT Health issued an announcement on ADHD prescribing, with GPs who have completed approved training now able to continue prescribing ADHD medicines for eligible patients without requiring repeated reviews from a psychiatrist, paediatrician or neurologist.
And other jurisdictions have since followed suit, including New South Wales, Western Australia and South Australia – which are set to roll out similar reforms this year.
Across Australia, governments are seeking to reduce wait times, lower out-of-pocket costs and embed ADHD care more firmly within primary care, while maintaining strong oversight of Schedule 8 stimulants such as methylphenidate, dexamfetamine and lisdexamfetamine via authorised prescribing schemes and real-time prescription monitoring checks. Non-stimulant ADHD medicines remain Schedule 4 and continue to be prescribed under existing arrangements.
For more information, complete the PSA online module: ADHD explained.
[post_title] => What pharmacists need to know about emergency prescribing for ADHD
[post_excerpt] => Victoria is the latest state to announce ADHD reforms, with ‘specialist GPs’ now able to continue ADHD prescriptions for existing patients.
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[post_content] => The gap between evidence and everyday practice is impacting patient access to emergency contraception.
Community pharmacies are often the first – and sometimes only – point of access for emergency contraception in Australia.
But a new qualitative study found there are still persistent gaps between what the guidelines say and what happens in practice.
Ruth Nona, pharmacist and researcher at James Cook University, who interviewed community pharmacists about providing emergency contraception services, describes a workforce that is broadly willing to help, but not always set up to deliver consistently equitable care.
1. Not recommending ulipristal as first-line
One of the most significant gaps identified in the study was the tendency for pharmacists to default to levonorgestrel, despite guidance in the Australian Pharmaceutical Formulary and Handbook (APF) that ulipristal acetate is generally considered more effective than levonorgestrel and can be used up to 120 hours after unprotected intercourse.
‘Habit definitely plays a role,’ Ms Nona said. ‘Some pharmacists felt more comfortable and confident supplying levonorgestrel. For example, if someone requested emergency contraception within 24 hours, pharmacists felt levonorgestrel was acceptable within that timeframe, without fully considering efficacy.’
[caption id="attachment_31329" align="alignright" width="250"] Ruth Nona[/caption]
In some pharmacies, price differences influenced whether ulipristal acetate was presented as an option.
‘In certain socio-economic areas, cost was a driver,’ Ms Nona said. ‘Cost considerations were also sometimes linked to younger people coming in and asking whether there was a cheaper option.’
Sometimes, levonorgestrel was the only medicine on hand.
‘There was research that came out showing that some pharmacies still did not stock ulipristal acetate,’ she said. ‘It’s been an ongoing issue, and something that really needs to be addressed.’
However, patients need to be able to make an informed decision about which medicine to take.
‘As stated in the guidelines, it’s about making sure all patients are given the information they need to make an informed and equitable choice. If the patient wants a particular option, that’s fine, but they need to be able to make that decision with the full information,’ Ms Nona said.
‘When pharmacists did give the full picture and explained the differences, more often than not the patient chose ulipristal acetate, even though it cost more.’
‘If the patient wants a particular option, that’s fine, but they need to be able to make that decision with the full information.'
Ruth nona
2. Uncertainty when responding to third-party requests
Pharmacists reported particular uncertainty when providing emergency contraception to third parties, with many wary about consent and unsure whether they could provide it to someone who wasn’t the patient.
‘In most cases, they would follow up and ask to contact the patient directly,’ Ms Nona said. ‘It wasn’t that they didn’t want to provide it – they just felt unsure and they wanted to make sure that the patient had consented.’
While in many cases, speaking to the intended person directly can help provide key information and counselling, in circumstances where this is not possible, it is usually possible to determine the medicine is safe and therapeutically appropriate, and supply in a manner consistent with APF guidance and legal obligations.
3. Uncertainty providing emergency contraception to adolescents
Similarly, pharmacists were ‘uncomfortable’ providing the service to adolescents.
This uncertainty often centred on fear of making the wrong decision or facing professional consequences.
‘They still wanted to provide the service, but it was more that internal question of, “Should I do this? Am I going to get in trouble?”’
There are no jurisdictions where there’s a legal restriction from supplying emergency contraception to minors. The APF guidance helps pharmacists navigate Gillick competency and consent in adolescents, ensuring they demonstrate sufficient maturity and understanding to provide informed consent.
Ms Nona emphasised that the issue was confidence, not capability.
‘It’s about being familiar with the guidelines, making sure we’re as up to date as possible and realising that it’s okay for us to provide these services, provided the adolescent is [assessed as Gillick competent] mentally mature and safe,’ she said.
The APF references Gillick competency provided the adolescent is [assessed as Gillick competent (demonstrating sufficient maturity and understanding to provide informed consent)]
4. Uncertainty for transgender people on gender affirming hormone therapy
While pharmacists were generally supportive towards transgender and gender-diverse patients, lack of familiarity with hormone therapy raised hesitation.
‘There are absolutely no interactions between emergency contraception and gender-affirming hormones’ Ms Nona said. ‘It really comes down to knowledge, which builds confidence, and being up to date to make sure the service we provide is timely and equitable.’
In some areas, pharmacists may frequently encounter transgender and gender- diverse patients requesting emergency contraception, while pharmacists in other areas do not.
‘That’s why it’s also about being prepared. You never know when that situation might arise,’ she added.
Should pharmacists feel unsure during these consultations, pharmacists can and should engage with the APF.
‘Pharmacists did say that if that situation did occur with a transgender or gender- diverse person that they would be honest and say to them, “Do you mind if I consult my resources?”’
Another reason the APF is a mandatory text for all community pharmacists
Despite lack of guideline use, pharmacists acknowledged how essential guidelines
such as the APF are, Ms Nona said.
‘And when pharmacists did use them, they found the information provided was invaluable.’
‘[But] a lot of the challenges stemmed from lack of time and, in some cases, a lack of up-to-date knowledge. We have so many things to do, and we need more time to do everything and to keep ourselves up to date.’
For Ms Nona, the solution lies in supporting pharmacists to use guidelines confidently and consistently in real-world conditions.
Some pharmacists report to PSA that they will often bring up the APF digital on the screen in the consultation room in emergency contraception discussions, particularly in situations which are new or unfamiliar.
Delivering a critical intervention
The key to emergency contraception provision is recognising the stakes.
‘The whole picture of providing emergency contraception is to make sure we are preventing pregnancies when people don't want to get pregnant – whatever the reason may be,’ Ms Nona said. ‘That’s why they come to see a pharmacist – to ensure the person has the best possible chance of preventing an unintended pregnancy.’
When pharmacists are supported to provide full information and informed choice, patients respond accordingly.
The Australian Pharmaceutical Formulary and Handbook (APF) chapter on ‘Emergency Contraception’, provides essential guidance on:
|
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