References
- World Health Organisation. Tobacco Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organisation. 2025. At: www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/tobacco
- Addiction Expert Group. Overview of tobacco smoking and nicotine dependence. 2023. Melbourne (AU): Therapeutic Guidelines Ltd. At: www.tg.org.au
- US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Smoking Cessation: Fast Facts US: US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2024 At: www.cdc.gov/tobacco/php/data-statistics/smoking-cessation/index.html#:~:text=the%20past%20year.-,Less%20than%201%20in%2010%20adults%20who%20smoke%20cigarettes%20succeed,smoking%20in%20the%20past%20year
- Conley M. Five things to know about GLP-1s and addiction US: Standford Medicine. 2023. At: https://med.stanford.edu/news/insights/2025/04/ozempic-addiction-glp-1s-mounjaro-lembke.html
- Wang W, Volkow N, Berger N, et al. Association of semaglutide with tobacco use disorder in patients with type 2 diabetes: target trial emulation using real-world data. Ann Intern Med 2024;177(8):1016–27.
- Popovic D, Patoulias D, Koufakis T, et al. Semaglutide and smoking cessation in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus: there is no smoke without fire! Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol. 2024;17(11):1009–12.
- Australian Medicines Handbook online [Internet]. Doxycycline. 2025. Adelaide (AU): Australian Medicines Handbook Pty Ltd. At: https://amhonline.amh.net.au/auth


Team PSA 2026: Caroline Diamantis FPS, Prof Mark Naunton MPS and Bridget Totterman MPS[/caption]
A/Prof Fei Sim and Prof Mark Naunton[/caption]

Clinical features
Warm compresses are the cornerstone of treatment, helping to soften the lesion, bring pus to the surface and encourage spontaneous drainage. A clean face cloth soaked in warm (not hot) water should be applied to the closed eyelid for 2–5 minutes, twice daily during the active phase. Once the stye begins to drain, any discharge should be gently wiped away using a clean, warm washcloth. After resolution, continuing warm compresses once daily may help prevent recurrence.2 






