• Home
  • Industry
  • Clinical
  • CPD
  • People
CPD Login
Sign in
  • Home
  • Industry
  • Clinical
  • CPD
  • People
Sign in
Welcome!Log into your account
Forgot your password?
Password recovery
Recover your password
CPD Login
Search
Sign in
Welcome! Log into your account
Forgot your password? Get help
Password recovery
Recover your password
A password will be e-mailed to you.
AUSTRALIAN PHARMACIST
  • Home
  • Industry
    • PDL
      td_module_mega_menu Object
      (
          [post] => WP_Post Object
              (
                  [ID] => 31020
                  [post_author] => 3410
                  [post_date] => 2025-12-03 11:10:54
                  [post_date_gmt] => 2025-12-03 00:10:54
                  [post_content] => These case examples show that errors arise from system pressures, not individual failings. Pharmacists can act on these insights to strengthen governance.
      
      When pharmacists call Pharmaceutical Defence Limited (PDL), they’re often navigating some of the most stressful moments of their professional lives. 
      
      Behind the scenes, PDL’s professional officers, including pharmacist Claire Bekema – who is also a professional practice pharmacist at PSA – talk pharmacists through clinical decisions, regulatory notifications and incident management.
      
      Here, Ms Bekema outlines the top incidents reported to PDL, alongside practical strategies to reduce risk and respond safely when something goes wrong.
      

      Wrong-patient supply leads to hospital admission

      Wrong-patient incidents remain one of the most common and serious error types, often occurring when workflow pressures and assumptions collide.  ‘That might be when you call out a script for “[one surname], and somebody just turns up and says, “Yep, that’s me,” and they take it out the door,’ Ms Bekema told participants of PSA’s Voices of Pharmacy – Passion, Purpose, and Possibility webinar last week (26 November). In one case, which occurred after 60 Day Dispensing was implemented, a patient received two boxes of multiple medicines that were not theirs. ‘It was high-dose antihypertensives, and the patient had low health literacy, so they didn’t know what they were expecting to receive from the doctor,’ she said. ‘They picked up this other person’s medicines and they took one from each box. So they took really high doses of antihypertensives all at once.’ Once errors such as this are discovered, Ms Bekema is clear about what the next steps should be. ‘In this particular scenario, I said, “Let’s talk about the incident and how it occurred later, but the first thing is: try and track down this patient and make sure they’re receiving medical attention”,’ she said. ‘They ended up being transferred to hospital by ambulance because their blood pressure was [extremely low]. Wrong-patient errors can have pretty dire consequences.’ For more information, refer to previous AP coverage on:
      • patient identification errors
      • when photo ID is required.

      Labelling and selection errors

      The second major incident type involves incorrect labelling – typically when a label is placed on the wrong box due to workflow interruptions, staff shortages or deviations from standard procedures. ‘Something in the procedure on the day [may have] interrupted the pharmacist’s usual process,’ Ms Bekema said. ‘Instead of scanning the label and then the box, they haven’t followed that process, and they’ve put the wrong label on the wrong box.’ Small lapses in processes can have large clinical consequences. If the patient is taking directions for the wrong medicine, it might cause adverse effects or even an overdose. Should this error occur, pharmacists should reflect on any gaps in processes that contributed to that error, and what can be done to fix them up. ‘For example, what is the intention of a barcode scanner? It’s that safety check to make sure that the correct label is going on the correct box,’ she said. ‘Some of these processes that we have in the dispensing process are there to minimise risk and to support us when you’ve got the craziness of a busy pharmacy, with lots of distractions.’

      A stronger incident-reporting culture

      In Bekema’s view, incidents are rarely the fault of one individual; they are almost always symptoms of a flawed or overstretched system.  ‘Incident reporting is probably something that we don’t do very well at the moment, and I think we need to change that culture to a no-blame culture,’ she said. ‘We’re all human, we all make mistakes, and it’s about what we do with that to stop it happening again.’ For pharmacists, reporting incidents – whether internally, to PDL, or via organisational governance systems – supports broader, profession-wide learning.  ‘You can’t change and improve and do continuous quality improvement if you don’t have the data. Incident reporting is the data,’ Bekema said.  From barcode scanners to tall-man lettering, many safety mechanisms in today’s pharmacies exist because of lessons learned through incident analysis. ‘I tend to say to people on the phone: “we’re not like your car insurance where you’ve got a no-claim bonus. We actually want to hear your incidents”,’ she said. ‘We at PDL start looking at trends … these are the trends that are happening across the profession – so it’s not just you, you’re not isolated.’ Pharmacists should view errors not as professional failures, but as opportunities for growth, Bekema thinks.  ‘You’ve probably done – how many thousands of dispensings in your career? And you’ve made one [error]. So it’s a 0.000-something percent rate of error,’ she said. ‘Just keep things in perspective. It’s okay to report, because you’re going to improve.’ As health professionals, pharmacists in any setting should work within a clinical governance framework, using incident data to drive continuous quality improvement. ‘Whether you’re the frontline clinician, the owner of the pharmacy, the Director of Pharmacy, or the CEO of the hospital – we all have a responsibility,’ Bekema said.

      Building a career in incident management

      As a practice support officer, no two days are the same. ‘We might receive multiple different queries about regulatory issues in different states and territories across Australia, [along with] clinical issues and practice issues – but also incident management, and supporting members through that,’ Ms Bekema said. ‘We [also] do project work and submissions on behalf of PDL, and we support members through regulatory actions.’ For pharmacists curious about moving into a similar role, curiosity and willingness to take on new challenges is a good start. ‘What I’ve noticed – and it wasn’t probably intentional – is that I’ve put my hand up for opportunities that have been offered or are out there,’ she said. Ms Bekema cited an example of when, as an early-career pharmacist working in a hospital, a preceptor was needed for the new University of Canberra Master’s course. ‘Nobody else seemed to be interested. But I [thought] “I like education, I like supporting people, I like teaching,” so I just went, “Oh, Okay, I’ll try it”,’ she said. Ms Bekema also set up new prison pharmacy services when the opportunity presented itself. ‘It’s that willingness to try new things, to enjoy a challenge, to have some confidence in your foundational skills and knowledge, and then being able to transfer those to different environments – and grow and learn and build skills as you go,’ she said. For Ms Bekema, the most rewarding thing about her current role is the ability to give back to the profession. ‘I started as a pharmacy assistant and dispense tech, and I became a pharmacist because I love being part of the community,’ she said. ‘So being able to support [pharmacists] through some pretty distressing times – when … they’ve had an incident or error, or received a regulatory notification … is very rewarding.’ Need practice advice? Reach out to PSA’s Pharmacist to Pharmacist Advice Line between 8.30am to 5.00pm AEST on 1300 369 772. [post_title] => The incident trends every pharmacist should know [post_excerpt] => [post_status] => publish [comment_status] => open [ping_status] => open [post_password] => [post_name] => the-incident-trends-every-pharmacist-should-know [to_ping] => [pinged] => [post_modified] => 2025-12-04 11:47:01 [post_modified_gmt] => 2025-12-04 00:47:01 [post_content_filtered] => [post_parent] => 0 [guid] => https://www.australianpharmacist.com.au/?p=31020 [menu_order] => 0 [post_type] => post [post_mime_type] => [comment_count] => 0 [filter] => raw ) [title_attribute] => The incident trends every pharmacist should know [title] => The incident trends every pharmacist should know [href] => https://www.australianpharmacist.com.au/the-incident-trends-every-pharmacist-should-know/ [module_atts:td_module:private] => Array ( ) [td_review:protected] => Array ( ) [is_review:protected] => [post_thumb_id:protected] => 31022 [authorType] => )

      The incident trends every pharmacist should know

      GLP1-RAs
      td_module_mega_menu Object
      (
          [post] => WP_Post Object
              (
                  [ID] => 31014
                  [post_author] => 9164
                  [post_date] => 2025-12-01 15:34:25
                  [post_date_gmt] => 2025-12-01 04:34:25
                  [post_content] => The Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA) has today (Monday 1 December) made updates to product warnings for GLP-1 and dual GIP/GLP-1 receptor agonists for two separate safety issues. 
      
      AP examines what pharmacists need to know.
      

      ALERT 1: Potential risk of suicidal thoughts

      The TGA has aligned product warnings for all GLP-1 RA medicines to ensure consistent information regarding the potential risk of suicidal thoughts or behaviours. There have been growing questions about whether there’s a link between GLP-1 RAs and suicidal ideation. As of 23 September 2025, the TGA’s Database of Adverse Event Notifications (DAEN) contains the following:
      • 72 reports for suicidal ideation
      • 6 reports for depressional suicide
      • 4 reports of suicide attempt
      • 2 reports of completed suicide
      • 1 report of self-injurious ideation.
      The issue has been monitored by international regulations and by the TGA. In June 2025, the TGA sought expert advice on this issue from the Advisory Committee on Medicines (ACM). Following consideration, the ACM advised that, while available evidence was not sufficient to support an association between GLP-1 RAs and suicidal or self-injurious ideation, the Australian PIs/CMIs for GLP-1 RAs contain inconsistent information about the potential risk of suicidal/self-injurious ideation. The ACM recommended that harmonisation of these statements would be beneficial, and suggested the warning statements should reflect a class-level awareness, rather than imply a causal association.

      What does the product warning say?

      Psychiatric disorders Suicidal behaviour and ideation have been reported with GLP-1 receptor agonists. Monitor patients for the emergence or worsening of depression, suicidal thoughts or behaviours, and/or any unusual changes in mood or behaviour. Consider the benefits and risks for individual patients prior to initiating or continuing therapy in patients with suicidal thoughts or behaviours or have a history of suicidal attempts. 

      What products are affected by this alert?

      The TGA has identified all GLP-1 RA class products currently marketed in Australia are affected by the warning, including:
      • semaglutide (Ozempic, Wegovy)
      • liraglutide (Saxenda)
      • dulaglutide (Trulicity)
      • tirzepatide (Mounjaro) 

      What should pharmacists do?

      Pharmacists, and other health professionals caring for patients using GLP-1 RA medicines, should be alert to potential emergence or worsening of depression, suicidal thoughts or behaviours, or any unusual changes in mood or behaviour. Patients should be advised to seek urgent care from their GP or another healthcare professional if they experience new or worsening depression, suicidal thoughts or any unusual changes in mood or behaviour. 

      ALERT 2: Tirzepatide (Mounjaro) and contraception

      As previously reported by AP, the use of GLP-1 RAs has been associated with increased likelihood of pregnancy. This had been speculated based on evidence that weight loss can improve fertility, as well as the possibility that GLP-1 RAs may affect absorption of the oral contraceptive pill. The TGA has specifically investigated the potential for reduced effectiveness of oral contraception when first taking or increasing the dose of tirzepatide (Mounjaro), concluding that this association could not be ruled out. As a precautionary measure, the TGA has overseen updated product warnings for tirzepatide. These updated warnings include further advice for patients using oral contraceptives: Patients taking tirzepatide are advised to switch to a non-oral contraceptive or add a barrier method of contraception for 4 weeks after first taking the medicine and for 4 weeks after each increase in the dose.

      Is it just tirzepatide (Mounjaro)?

      While the TGA has only updated product warning for tirzepatide, the regulatory body advises that ‘none of the GLP-1 RAs should be used during pregnancy and individuals of childbearing potential are advised to use effective contraception during treatment with a GLP-1 RA’. [post_title] => TGA issues two new safety alerts for GLP-1 RA products [post_excerpt] => [post_status] => publish [comment_status] => open [ping_status] => open [post_password] => [post_name] => tga-issues-two-new-safety-alerts-for-glp-1-ra-products [to_ping] => [pinged] => [post_modified] => 2025-12-01 17:44:39 [post_modified_gmt] => 2025-12-01 06:44:39 [post_content_filtered] => [post_parent] => 0 [guid] => https://www.australianpharmacist.com.au/?p=31014 [menu_order] => 0 [post_type] => post [post_mime_type] => [comment_count] => 0 [filter] => raw ) [title_attribute] => TGA issues two new safety alerts for GLP-1 RA products [title] => TGA issues two new safety alerts for GLP-1 RA products [href] => https://www.australianpharmacist.com.au/tga-issues-two-new-safety-alerts-for-glp-1-ra-products/ [module_atts:td_module:private] => Array ( ) [td_review:protected] => Array ( ) [is_review:protected] => [post_thumb_id:protected] => 31016 [authorType] => )

      TGA issues two new safety alerts for GLP-1 RA products

      td_module_mega_menu Object
      (
          [post] => WP_Post Object
              (
                  [ID] => 31010
                  [post_author] => 3410
                  [post_date] => 2025-12-01 11:52:12
                  [post_date_gmt] => 2025-12-01 00:52:12
                  [post_content] => Australia’s east coast was belted with heavy storms last week. Spring and summer storms can trigger thunderstorm asthma – with bursts of pollen often causing sudden, severe asthma attacks, particularly in patients with asthma or allergic rhinitis.
      
      ‘There was the big event in Victoria in November 2016 when 10 people died,’ said Clinical Associate Professor Debbie Rigby FPS, pharmacist and Clinical Executive Lead, National Asthma Council Australia (NAC). 
      
      ‘But there are other peaks that don’t get as much media coverage – for example, there was terrible weather on Melbourne Cup Day this year, and data showed there were over 100 emergency department (ED) admissions and ambulance callouts that day.’
      
      When asthma symptoms spike, so do SABA (short-acting beta2-agonist) requests. With new guidelines that discourage overreliance on SABA, asthma expert A/Prof Rigby explains how pharmacists should manage these situations.
      

      What do the new asthma guidelines say?

      In the updated NAC Australian Asthma Handbook, released in September 2025, a key guideline change is that no adult or adolescent with asthma should be using salbutamol alone. ‘Every [adult or adolescent] with confirmed asthma now needs to be on an inhaled corticosteroid (ICS),’ A/Prof Rigby said. The National Asthma Council recently released data that found there were 478 asthma-related deaths in 2024, equating to more than one per day. There was a surprising increase in asthma deaths in the youngest patient cohort, those aged 0 to 35.  ‘This is largely due to poorly controlled asthma, including people over-relying on SABA, not using preventers, or not using anti-inflammatory reliever therapy,’ Ms Rigby said. ‘Those with more severe symptoms should be on maintenance-and-reliever therapy, or MART.’ But that doesn't mean pharmacists should deny patients salbutamol, particularly during events such as storms that can trigger exacerbations. ‘Absolutely supply it if a patient has symptoms – it’s potentially life-saving during an acute episode – but we should be alluding to the fact that it’s risky to use salbutamol alone in asthma,’ she said. ‘‘Use it as an opportunity to explain that the guidelines have changed and that we now have better treatment, but also assess them to determine if they need to see a GP straightaway or go to ED.’ For example, if a patient can’t finish a sentence without taking a breath, they need immediate treatment. Pharmacists should also remind patients that they should have an asthma action plan, which many adults don’t have. ‘Most people can manage with salbutamol in an acute situation – but they can also use budesonide-formoterol.’ It’s also important to point out the benefits of preventative and anti-inflammatory therapy, including improved asthma control and long-term health outcomes. ‘ICS–formoterol reduces the risk of severe episodes, it's more convenient because you only carry one inhaler and even has environmental benefits,’ A/Prof Rigby said. ‘There are about 15 million salbutamol inhalers used annually, which is a significant carbon footprint.’

      What can pharmacists do?

      A lot has been learned since the 2016 thunderstorm asthma event, A/Prof Rigby said. ‘The Victoria Department of Health has been very proactive with the pollen-alert apps that give daily high-pollen warnings,’ she said. There are also similar systems in other states; these apps provide a daily alert using a traffic-light system across mapped regions.  ‘For example [on Thursday], the Mildura area was “red” – very high pollen count,’ A/Prof Rigby said. ‘I encourage all pharmacists to sign up, but also to recommend them to patients with asthma and/or allergic rhinitis. When your area is on medium or high alert, pharmacists should be having conversations with patients about being prepared.’ This includes always having a reliever on hand – either salbutamol, or preferably, the anti-inflammatory reliever budesonide-formoterol. ‘During thunderstorm asthma – the “perfect storm” of high pollen plus thunderstorms – people should also avoid being outside, close windows, use air-conditioning, and in cars set air recirculation mode,’ she said. And when patients present to the pharmacy for treatment for allergic rhinitis, pharmacists should ask: Do you have asthma? ‘Around 80% of people with asthma also have allergic rhinitis, and 40–60% of people with allergic rhinitis also have asthma,’ A/Prof Rigby said. ‘We need to think about “one airway, one disease.” If you get the nose under control, you get better asthma control – and vice versa.’

      What’s the approach when it’s not asthma?

      During the 2016 thunderstorm asthma event, many people who presented to pharmacies or EDs didn’t have diagnosed asthma, A/Prof Rigby said. ‘Many had hay fever or allergic rhinitis,’ she said. ‘So when people request hay fever treatments, pharmacists should ask about symptoms – such as shortness of breath, cough or chest tightness – which could indicate asthma.’ When these incidents occur, pharmacists should ask whether patients had childhood asthma, hay fever or other respiratory issues. They can also provide Asthma first aid. ‘You can supply a salbutamol puffer – ideally with a spacer – because when people are short of breath they’re less able to coordinate inhalation, and most people don’t use puffers correctly anyway,’ she said. Pharmacists should use the 4x4x4 method: 4 puffs, one at a time, via a spacer; wait 4 minutes; repeat as needed.  ‘If the patient is still short of breath, seek medical advice,’ A/Prof Rigby added. ‘And document everything.’ Pharmacists should also follow-up via phone, text or the next visit.

      How should COPD be managed in a storm?

      While asthma is reversible with good control, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) involves persistent airway inflammation and irreversible obstruction.  Salbutamol may be used to relieve symptoms in patients with COPD, but it does not provide the same level of relief as it does in asthma, A/Prof Rigby said. ‘The perceived benefit of SABA for patients with COPD is often due to the person stopping and resting, or the anxiety relief of “doing something” – rather than actual bronchodilation,’ she said. But patients with COPD are less likely to have their symptoms triggered by storms. ‘They may be short of breath at rest and have reduced exercise tolerance, so they must take preventative therapy regularly,’ A/Prof Rigby said.  This includes regular use of a long-acting muscarinic antagonist and long-acting beta2-agonist.  ‘Only some patients need triple therapy,’ she added. [post_title] => Severe spring storms show the risks of SABA overuse [post_excerpt] => [post_status] => publish [comment_status] => open [ping_status] => open [post_password] => [post_name] => severe-spring-storms-show-the-risks-of-saba-overuse [to_ping] => [pinged] => [post_modified] => 2025-12-01 17:45:42 [post_modified_gmt] => 2025-12-01 06:45:42 [post_content_filtered] => [post_parent] => 0 [guid] => https://www.australianpharmacist.com.au/?p=31010 [menu_order] => 0 [post_type] => post [post_mime_type] => [comment_count] => 0 [filter] => raw ) [title_attribute] => Severe spring storms show the risks of SABA overuse [title] => Severe spring storms show the risks of SABA overuse [href] => https://www.australianpharmacist.com.au/severe-spring-storms-show-the-risks-of-saba-overuse/ [module_atts:td_module:private] => Array ( ) [td_review:protected] => Array ( ) [is_review:protected] => [post_thumb_id:protected] => 31013 [authorType] => )

      Severe spring storms show the risks of SABA overuse

      Allergic rhinitis
      td_module_mega_menu Object
      (
          [post] => WP_Post Object
              (
                  [ID] => 30983
                  [post_author] => 11559
                  [post_date] => 2025-11-28 12:32:56
                  [post_date_gmt] => 2025-11-28 01:32:56
                  [post_content] => Allergic rhinitis (AR) remains a common but often underrecognised condition in Australian primary care1. Here’s what global experts shared at the 2025 FIP World Congress about how it should be managed.
      
      With a prevalence of 23.9% in Australia,2 AR – commonly known as hay fever – significantly impacts patients’ quality of life, productivity, and often coexists with conditions such as asthma.3  
      
      The condition is caused by the nose and/or eyes coming into contact with allergens in the environment – such as pollens, dust mites, moulds and animal dander.2 When left untreated, AR can lead to complications including sleep disturbance, daytime tiredness, headaches, poor concentration, and recurrent ear or sinus infections.4
      

      The role of pharmacists in AR management

      Australian pharmacists play an increasingly vital role in the management of AR, supporting diagnostic differentiation, therapy optimisation and patient education in community settings.  Pharmacists can provide key interventions – including accurate symptom assessment, medicines recommendations and ongoing support for self-management. 

      Global updates: FIP 2025

      At the 2025 FIP World Congress in Copenhagen, experts shared the latest evidence on AR management, highlighting innovations that can transform patient care. A key topic was the concept of antihistamines with 0% brain interference, such as fexofenadine. This antihistamine provides effective symptom relief without sedation, ensuring patients maintain cognitive performance and safety – critical for those operating machinery or driving.5 FIP President Paul Sinclair AM MPS, emphasised that pharmacists are uniquely positioned to lead AR management. ‘We know that people affected by AR can have their quality of life impacted quite dramatically, so it is important to intervene and recommend appropriate medication, which will relieve the symptoms and minimise the impact on somebody’s quality of life, so they can maintain all the things they need to do on a daily basis,’ he said https://youtu.be/4no1XLK9TVs?si=dP-oEXSWEu_ohiJC

      Watch on demand: 3rd Global Allergy Connect Meeting

      Pharmacists in Australia can enhance their expertise in AR by accessing on-demand resources and lectures from the 2025 FIP World Congress. After registering with their professional details, pharmacists can view content from the 3rd Global Allergy Connect Meeting, where experts from the United Kingdom, Spain, and France discuss AR, antihistamines with 0% brain interference (such as fexofenadine), clinical evidence, and strategies for managing AR in community pharmacy settings. For access:
      • visit the event platform: FIP World Congress September 2025
      • register with your professional details and gain access to a library of on-demand lectures.
      • watch sessions featuring Mr Sinclair and leading AR specialists, available for 6 months post-event.
      Key symposia topics include:
      • evidence updates on the use of non-sedating antihistamines in community settings
      • combining pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic interventions for persistent AR
      • patient-centred approaches, including tailoring treatment to symptoms and exposure profiles
      • case studies demonstrating advanced AR management in pharmacy practice.
      Take-home message from FIP experts:
      • ‘For community pharmacists to effectively help patients with AR, we need to offer evidence backed, effective and acceptable therapeutic formulations’ – Ade Williams, Bedminster Pharmacy in Bristol Superintendent Pharmacist.
      • ‘Not all second-generation antihistamines are free from sedative effects, making it important to choose those that do not impair cognitive function’ – Ignacio J. Ansotegui, Hospital Quironsalud Bizkaia, Bilbao, Head of Department of Allergy and Immunology.
      • ‘Fexofenadine is a non-sedating, second-generation antihistamine that selectively inhibits peripheral H1-receptors and does not penetrate the blood-brain barrier, therefore does not cause impairment of cognitive and psychomotor function, as demonstrated in 85 subjective and objective tests included in the different controlled clinical studies’ – Ignacio J. Ansotegui, Hospital Quironsalud Bizkaia, Bilbao, Head of Department of Allergy and Immunology.
      To stay connected and updated with the latest happenings in the world of allergy, scan the QR code to start your JUIce of SCIence journey.

      References

      1. Gunda D, Mustafa J, Agar N, Goss P. Approach to allergic rhinitis in the primary care setting. Australian Journal of General Practice. 2024;53(Suppl 11):S147–S154. doi:10.31128/AJGP-07-23-6890. 
      2. ASCIA. Allergic Rhinitis Clinical Update. ASCIA, 2024. Available at: ASCIA_HP_Clinical_Update_Allergic_Rhinitis_2024.pdf (accessed Nov 2025)
      3. Bousquet J, van Cauwenberge P, Khaltaev N. Allergic Rhinitis and Its Impact on Asthma (ARIA). Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. 2001;108(5 Suppl):S147–S334.
      4. Australasian society of clinical immunology and allergy. Allergic Rhinitis (Hay Fever) - Fast Facts. Available at: Allergic Rhinitis (Hay Fever) - Australasian Society of Clinical Immunology and Allergy (ASCIA) (accessed Nov 2025)
      5. Ansotegui et al. (2024). Why fexofenadine is considered as a truly non-sedating antihistamine with no brain penetration: a systematic review. Curr Med Res Opin, 40(8), 1297-1309. 
      6. FIP 2025. The 3rd Global Allergy Connect (GAC) Meeting. Antihistamines with 0% brain interference, from the science to practical management. Available at: FIP World Congress September 2025 (accessed Nov 2025)
      MAT-AU-2502471 – 1.0 – Nov 2025 [post_title] => Empowering pharmacists in allergic rhinitis management [post_excerpt] => Allergic rhinitis remains a common, underrecognised condition in primary care. Here’s what experts shared at the 2025 FIP World Congress. [post_status] => publish [comment_status] => open [ping_status] => open [post_password] => [post_name] => empowering-pharmacists-in-allergic-rhinitis-management [to_ping] => [pinged] => [post_modified] => 2025-12-03 10:57:40 [post_modified_gmt] => 2025-12-02 23:57:40 [post_content_filtered] => [post_parent] => 0 [guid] => https://www.australianpharmacist.com.au/?p=30983 [menu_order] => 0 [post_type] => post [post_mime_type] => [comment_count] => 0 [filter] => raw ) [title_attribute] => Empowering pharmacists in allergic rhinitis management [title] => Empowering pharmacists in allergic rhinitis management [href] => https://www.australianpharmacist.com.au/empowering-pharmacists-in-allergic-rhinitis-management/ [module_atts:td_module:private] => Array ( ) [td_review:protected] => Array ( ) [is_review:protected] => [post_thumb_id:protected] => 31018 [authorType] => )

      Empowering pharmacists in allergic rhinitis management

      vitamin B6
      td_module_mega_menu Object
      (
          [post] => WP_Post Object
              (
                  [ID] => 30976
                  [post_author] => 250
                  [post_date] => 2025-11-26 13:58:00
                  [post_date_gmt] => 2025-11-26 02:58:00
                  [post_content] => From mid-2027, the availability of dozens and dozens of complementary medicines containing vitamin B6 will change. 
      
      Yesterday (25 November 2025), the Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA) released the final decision on the scheduling of vitamin B6 containing medicines in response to safety concerns following consideration of the advice of the Advisory Committee on Medicines Scheduling in November 2024 and public consultation. 
      

      What's changing?

      The TGA Delegate’s final decision will see scheduling changes for products containing vitamin B6, dependent on the product’s vitamin B6 dose. This means oral preparations containing:
      • 50 mg or less per recommended daily dose (RDD) will continue to be available for general retail sale (unscheduled)
      • more than 50 mg but not more than 200 mg per RDD will be available as Pharmacist Only Medicines (Schedule 3)
      • more than 200 mg per RDD will remain Prescription Only Medicines (Schedule 4).

      When do the changes take effect?

      The scheduling change will take place on 1 June 2027. 

      What's the concern about vitamin B6?

      As reported previously in AP, high doses and/or prolonged use of vitamin B6 above the recommended daily intake (RDI) have been linked to peripheral neuropathy. Most cases have been reported at doses exceeding 500 mg/day, although cases at lower doses have been reported.1 The TGA’s adverse event notifications database now contains 250 reports1 of peripheral neuropathy, peripheral sensory neuropathy, small fibre neuropathy or chronic polyneuropathy for products containing vitamin B6.2 Between 1 January 2024 and 30 June 2025, the NSW Poisons Information Centre also received 14 calls from patients experiencing symptoms of neuropathy.2 The primary concern is the risk of overconsumption of vitamin B6 from a variety of sources, particularly in individuals using multiple multivitamin and supplement products.1 

      How many products are affected?

      There are at least 125 products on the Australian Register of Therapeutic Goods (ARTG) which contain more than 50 mg but less than 200 mg vitamin B6 (per maximum RDD). Of these, 116 are listed complementary medicines. These listed medicines will need to be registered on the ARTG and their labels updated to remain available on the Australian market after 1 June 2027. 

      Will there be any other changes for vitamin B6 products?

      We don’t know. The TGA has signalled they may implement further labelling changes e.g. to strengthen required warning statements or change how vitamin B6 is labelled on products. The National Health and Medical Research Council will also undertake a review of the upper level of intake of vitamin B6, anticipated to be completed by early 2027. This may have a flow-on impact on this final scheduling decision. 

      How will patients be informed of these changes?

      The TGA intends to run a public awareness campaign to educate consumers about the multiple sources of vitamin B6 and possible harms from cumulative dose and excessive intake. However, as with most health communication, health professionals – including pharmacists – will be the most important source of information for consumers. The harms caused by excessive doses of vitamin B6 are concerning, and often occur through inadvertent dosing of multiple supplements or a false belief by consumers that complementary medicines are safe to use. Pharmacists and pharmacy staff should be communicating now with patients about the risk of harm and safeguarding people from peripheral neuropathies and other complications from excessive vitamin B6 use.

      References

      1. Australian Government Department of Health, Disability and Ageing. Therapeutic Goods Administration. Notice of interim decision to amend (or not amend) the current Poisons Standard in relation to pyridoxine, pyridoxal or pyridoxamine (vitamin B6). 2025. At: www.tga.gov.au/sites/default/files/2025-06/notice-interim-decision-amend-or-not-amend-current-poisons-standard-pyridoxine-pyridoxal-pyridoxamine-vitaminb6.pdf
      2. The therapeutic Goods Administration. Notice of final decision to amend (or not amend) the current Poisons Standard in relation to pyridoxine, pyridoxal or pyridoxamine (vitamin B6). At: https://www.tga.gov.au/sites/default/files/2025-11/notice-final-decision-to-amend-current-poisons-standard-pyridoxine-pyridoxa-pyridoxamine-vitamin-b6.pdf
      [post_title] => TGA acts to address rising B6 overuse [post_excerpt] => From mid-2027, the availability of dozens and dozens of complementary medicines containing vitamin B6 will change.  [post_status] => publish [comment_status] => open [ping_status] => open [post_password] => [post_name] => tga-acts-to-address-rising-b6-overuse [to_ping] => [pinged] => [post_modified] => 2025-11-26 16:23:36 [post_modified_gmt] => 2025-11-26 05:23:36 [post_content_filtered] => [post_parent] => 0 [guid] => https://www.australianpharmacist.com.au/?p=30976 [menu_order] => 0 [post_type] => post [post_mime_type] => [comment_count] => 0 [filter] => raw ) [title_attribute] => TGA acts to address rising B6 overuse [title] => TGA acts to address rising B6 overuse [href] => https://www.australianpharmacist.com.au/tga-acts-to-address-rising-b6-overuse/ [module_atts:td_module:private] => Array ( ) [td_review:protected] => Array ( ) [is_review:protected] => [post_thumb_id:protected] => 30977 [authorType] => )

      TGA acts to address rising B6 overuse

  • Clinical
    • PDL
      td_module_mega_menu Object
      (
          [post] => WP_Post Object
              (
                  [ID] => 31020
                  [post_author] => 3410
                  [post_date] => 2025-12-03 11:10:54
                  [post_date_gmt] => 2025-12-03 00:10:54
                  [post_content] => These case examples show that errors arise from system pressures, not individual failings. Pharmacists can act on these insights to strengthen governance.
      
      When pharmacists call Pharmaceutical Defence Limited (PDL), they’re often navigating some of the most stressful moments of their professional lives. 
      
      Behind the scenes, PDL’s professional officers, including pharmacist Claire Bekema – who is also a professional practice pharmacist at PSA – talk pharmacists through clinical decisions, regulatory notifications and incident management.
      
      Here, Ms Bekema outlines the top incidents reported to PDL, alongside practical strategies to reduce risk and respond safely when something goes wrong.
      

      Wrong-patient supply leads to hospital admission

      Wrong-patient incidents remain one of the most common and serious error types, often occurring when workflow pressures and assumptions collide.  ‘That might be when you call out a script for “[one surname], and somebody just turns up and says, “Yep, that’s me,” and they take it out the door,’ Ms Bekema told participants of PSA’s Voices of Pharmacy – Passion, Purpose, and Possibility webinar last week (26 November). In one case, which occurred after 60 Day Dispensing was implemented, a patient received two boxes of multiple medicines that were not theirs. ‘It was high-dose antihypertensives, and the patient had low health literacy, so they didn’t know what they were expecting to receive from the doctor,’ she said. ‘They picked up this other person’s medicines and they took one from each box. So they took really high doses of antihypertensives all at once.’ Once errors such as this are discovered, Ms Bekema is clear about what the next steps should be. ‘In this particular scenario, I said, “Let’s talk about the incident and how it occurred later, but the first thing is: try and track down this patient and make sure they’re receiving medical attention”,’ she said. ‘They ended up being transferred to hospital by ambulance because their blood pressure was [extremely low]. Wrong-patient errors can have pretty dire consequences.’ For more information, refer to previous AP coverage on:
      • patient identification errors
      • when photo ID is required.

      Labelling and selection errors

      The second major incident type involves incorrect labelling – typically when a label is placed on the wrong box due to workflow interruptions, staff shortages or deviations from standard procedures. ‘Something in the procedure on the day [may have] interrupted the pharmacist’s usual process,’ Ms Bekema said. ‘Instead of scanning the label and then the box, they haven’t followed that process, and they’ve put the wrong label on the wrong box.’ Small lapses in processes can have large clinical consequences. If the patient is taking directions for the wrong medicine, it might cause adverse effects or even an overdose. Should this error occur, pharmacists should reflect on any gaps in processes that contributed to that error, and what can be done to fix them up. ‘For example, what is the intention of a barcode scanner? It’s that safety check to make sure that the correct label is going on the correct box,’ she said. ‘Some of these processes that we have in the dispensing process are there to minimise risk and to support us when you’ve got the craziness of a busy pharmacy, with lots of distractions.’

      A stronger incident-reporting culture

      In Bekema’s view, incidents are rarely the fault of one individual; they are almost always symptoms of a flawed or overstretched system.  ‘Incident reporting is probably something that we don’t do very well at the moment, and I think we need to change that culture to a no-blame culture,’ she said. ‘We’re all human, we all make mistakes, and it’s about what we do with that to stop it happening again.’ For pharmacists, reporting incidents – whether internally, to PDL, or via organisational governance systems – supports broader, profession-wide learning.  ‘You can’t change and improve and do continuous quality improvement if you don’t have the data. Incident reporting is the data,’ Bekema said.  From barcode scanners to tall-man lettering, many safety mechanisms in today’s pharmacies exist because of lessons learned through incident analysis. ‘I tend to say to people on the phone: “we’re not like your car insurance where you’ve got a no-claim bonus. We actually want to hear your incidents”,’ she said. ‘We at PDL start looking at trends … these are the trends that are happening across the profession – so it’s not just you, you’re not isolated.’ Pharmacists should view errors not as professional failures, but as opportunities for growth, Bekema thinks.  ‘You’ve probably done – how many thousands of dispensings in your career? And you’ve made one [error]. So it’s a 0.000-something percent rate of error,’ she said. ‘Just keep things in perspective. It’s okay to report, because you’re going to improve.’ As health professionals, pharmacists in any setting should work within a clinical governance framework, using incident data to drive continuous quality improvement. ‘Whether you’re the frontline clinician, the owner of the pharmacy, the Director of Pharmacy, or the CEO of the hospital – we all have a responsibility,’ Bekema said.

      Building a career in incident management

      As a practice support officer, no two days are the same. ‘We might receive multiple different queries about regulatory issues in different states and territories across Australia, [along with] clinical issues and practice issues – but also incident management, and supporting members through that,’ Ms Bekema said. ‘We [also] do project work and submissions on behalf of PDL, and we support members through regulatory actions.’ For pharmacists curious about moving into a similar role, curiosity and willingness to take on new challenges is a good start. ‘What I’ve noticed – and it wasn’t probably intentional – is that I’ve put my hand up for opportunities that have been offered or are out there,’ she said. Ms Bekema cited an example of when, as an early-career pharmacist working in a hospital, a preceptor was needed for the new University of Canberra Master’s course. ‘Nobody else seemed to be interested. But I [thought] “I like education, I like supporting people, I like teaching,” so I just went, “Oh, Okay, I’ll try it”,’ she said. Ms Bekema also set up new prison pharmacy services when the opportunity presented itself. ‘It’s that willingness to try new things, to enjoy a challenge, to have some confidence in your foundational skills and knowledge, and then being able to transfer those to different environments – and grow and learn and build skills as you go,’ she said. For Ms Bekema, the most rewarding thing about her current role is the ability to give back to the profession. ‘I started as a pharmacy assistant and dispense tech, and I became a pharmacist because I love being part of the community,’ she said. ‘So being able to support [pharmacists] through some pretty distressing times – when … they’ve had an incident or error, or received a regulatory notification … is very rewarding.’ Need practice advice? Reach out to PSA’s Pharmacist to Pharmacist Advice Line between 8.30am to 5.00pm AEST on 1300 369 772. [post_title] => The incident trends every pharmacist should know [post_excerpt] => [post_status] => publish [comment_status] => open [ping_status] => open [post_password] => [post_name] => the-incident-trends-every-pharmacist-should-know [to_ping] => [pinged] => [post_modified] => 2025-12-04 11:47:01 [post_modified_gmt] => 2025-12-04 00:47:01 [post_content_filtered] => [post_parent] => 0 [guid] => https://www.australianpharmacist.com.au/?p=31020 [menu_order] => 0 [post_type] => post [post_mime_type] => [comment_count] => 0 [filter] => raw ) [title_attribute] => The incident trends every pharmacist should know [title] => The incident trends every pharmacist should know [href] => https://www.australianpharmacist.com.au/the-incident-trends-every-pharmacist-should-know/ [module_atts:td_module:private] => Array ( ) [td_review:protected] => Array ( ) [is_review:protected] => [post_thumb_id:protected] => 31022 [authorType] => )

      The incident trends every pharmacist should know

      GLP1-RAs
      td_module_mega_menu Object
      (
          [post] => WP_Post Object
              (
                  [ID] => 31014
                  [post_author] => 9164
                  [post_date] => 2025-12-01 15:34:25
                  [post_date_gmt] => 2025-12-01 04:34:25
                  [post_content] => The Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA) has today (Monday 1 December) made updates to product warnings for GLP-1 and dual GIP/GLP-1 receptor agonists for two separate safety issues. 
      
      AP examines what pharmacists need to know.
      

      ALERT 1: Potential risk of suicidal thoughts

      The TGA has aligned product warnings for all GLP-1 RA medicines to ensure consistent information regarding the potential risk of suicidal thoughts or behaviours. There have been growing questions about whether there’s a link between GLP-1 RAs and suicidal ideation. As of 23 September 2025, the TGA’s Database of Adverse Event Notifications (DAEN) contains the following:
      • 72 reports for suicidal ideation
      • 6 reports for depressional suicide
      • 4 reports of suicide attempt
      • 2 reports of completed suicide
      • 1 report of self-injurious ideation.
      The issue has been monitored by international regulations and by the TGA. In June 2025, the TGA sought expert advice on this issue from the Advisory Committee on Medicines (ACM). Following consideration, the ACM advised that, while available evidence was not sufficient to support an association between GLP-1 RAs and suicidal or self-injurious ideation, the Australian PIs/CMIs for GLP-1 RAs contain inconsistent information about the potential risk of suicidal/self-injurious ideation. The ACM recommended that harmonisation of these statements would be beneficial, and suggested the warning statements should reflect a class-level awareness, rather than imply a causal association.

      What does the product warning say?

      Psychiatric disorders Suicidal behaviour and ideation have been reported with GLP-1 receptor agonists. Monitor patients for the emergence or worsening of depression, suicidal thoughts or behaviours, and/or any unusual changes in mood or behaviour. Consider the benefits and risks for individual patients prior to initiating or continuing therapy in patients with suicidal thoughts or behaviours or have a history of suicidal attempts. 

      What products are affected by this alert?

      The TGA has identified all GLP-1 RA class products currently marketed in Australia are affected by the warning, including:
      • semaglutide (Ozempic, Wegovy)
      • liraglutide (Saxenda)
      • dulaglutide (Trulicity)
      • tirzepatide (Mounjaro) 

      What should pharmacists do?

      Pharmacists, and other health professionals caring for patients using GLP-1 RA medicines, should be alert to potential emergence or worsening of depression, suicidal thoughts or behaviours, or any unusual changes in mood or behaviour. Patients should be advised to seek urgent care from their GP or another healthcare professional if they experience new or worsening depression, suicidal thoughts or any unusual changes in mood or behaviour. 

      ALERT 2: Tirzepatide (Mounjaro) and contraception

      As previously reported by AP, the use of GLP-1 RAs has been associated with increased likelihood of pregnancy. This had been speculated based on evidence that weight loss can improve fertility, as well as the possibility that GLP-1 RAs may affect absorption of the oral contraceptive pill. The TGA has specifically investigated the potential for reduced effectiveness of oral contraception when first taking or increasing the dose of tirzepatide (Mounjaro), concluding that this association could not be ruled out. As a precautionary measure, the TGA has overseen updated product warnings for tirzepatide. These updated warnings include further advice for patients using oral contraceptives: Patients taking tirzepatide are advised to switch to a non-oral contraceptive or add a barrier method of contraception for 4 weeks after first taking the medicine and for 4 weeks after each increase in the dose.

      Is it just tirzepatide (Mounjaro)?

      While the TGA has only updated product warning for tirzepatide, the regulatory body advises that ‘none of the GLP-1 RAs should be used during pregnancy and individuals of childbearing potential are advised to use effective contraception during treatment with a GLP-1 RA’. [post_title] => TGA issues two new safety alerts for GLP-1 RA products [post_excerpt] => [post_status] => publish [comment_status] => open [ping_status] => open [post_password] => [post_name] => tga-issues-two-new-safety-alerts-for-glp-1-ra-products [to_ping] => [pinged] => [post_modified] => 2025-12-01 17:44:39 [post_modified_gmt] => 2025-12-01 06:44:39 [post_content_filtered] => [post_parent] => 0 [guid] => https://www.australianpharmacist.com.au/?p=31014 [menu_order] => 0 [post_type] => post [post_mime_type] => [comment_count] => 0 [filter] => raw ) [title_attribute] => TGA issues two new safety alerts for GLP-1 RA products [title] => TGA issues two new safety alerts for GLP-1 RA products [href] => https://www.australianpharmacist.com.au/tga-issues-two-new-safety-alerts-for-glp-1-ra-products/ [module_atts:td_module:private] => Array ( ) [td_review:protected] => Array ( ) [is_review:protected] => [post_thumb_id:protected] => 31016 [authorType] => )

      TGA issues two new safety alerts for GLP-1 RA products

      td_module_mega_menu Object
      (
          [post] => WP_Post Object
              (
                  [ID] => 31010
                  [post_author] => 3410
                  [post_date] => 2025-12-01 11:52:12
                  [post_date_gmt] => 2025-12-01 00:52:12
                  [post_content] => Australia’s east coast was belted with heavy storms last week. Spring and summer storms can trigger thunderstorm asthma – with bursts of pollen often causing sudden, severe asthma attacks, particularly in patients with asthma or allergic rhinitis.
      
      ‘There was the big event in Victoria in November 2016 when 10 people died,’ said Clinical Associate Professor Debbie Rigby FPS, pharmacist and Clinical Executive Lead, National Asthma Council Australia (NAC). 
      
      ‘But there are other peaks that don’t get as much media coverage – for example, there was terrible weather on Melbourne Cup Day this year, and data showed there were over 100 emergency department (ED) admissions and ambulance callouts that day.’
      
      When asthma symptoms spike, so do SABA (short-acting beta2-agonist) requests. With new guidelines that discourage overreliance on SABA, asthma expert A/Prof Rigby explains how pharmacists should manage these situations.
      

      What do the new asthma guidelines say?

      In the updated NAC Australian Asthma Handbook, released in September 2025, a key guideline change is that no adult or adolescent with asthma should be using salbutamol alone. ‘Every [adult or adolescent] with confirmed asthma now needs to be on an inhaled corticosteroid (ICS),’ A/Prof Rigby said. The National Asthma Council recently released data that found there were 478 asthma-related deaths in 2024, equating to more than one per day. There was a surprising increase in asthma deaths in the youngest patient cohort, those aged 0 to 35.  ‘This is largely due to poorly controlled asthma, including people over-relying on SABA, not using preventers, or not using anti-inflammatory reliever therapy,’ Ms Rigby said. ‘Those with more severe symptoms should be on maintenance-and-reliever therapy, or MART.’ But that doesn't mean pharmacists should deny patients salbutamol, particularly during events such as storms that can trigger exacerbations. ‘Absolutely supply it if a patient has symptoms – it’s potentially life-saving during an acute episode – but we should be alluding to the fact that it’s risky to use salbutamol alone in asthma,’ she said. ‘‘Use it as an opportunity to explain that the guidelines have changed and that we now have better treatment, but also assess them to determine if they need to see a GP straightaway or go to ED.’ For example, if a patient can’t finish a sentence without taking a breath, they need immediate treatment. Pharmacists should also remind patients that they should have an asthma action plan, which many adults don’t have. ‘Most people can manage with salbutamol in an acute situation – but they can also use budesonide-formoterol.’ It’s also important to point out the benefits of preventative and anti-inflammatory therapy, including improved asthma control and long-term health outcomes. ‘ICS–formoterol reduces the risk of severe episodes, it's more convenient because you only carry one inhaler and even has environmental benefits,’ A/Prof Rigby said. ‘There are about 15 million salbutamol inhalers used annually, which is a significant carbon footprint.’

      What can pharmacists do?

      A lot has been learned since the 2016 thunderstorm asthma event, A/Prof Rigby said. ‘The Victoria Department of Health has been very proactive with the pollen-alert apps that give daily high-pollen warnings,’ she said. There are also similar systems in other states; these apps provide a daily alert using a traffic-light system across mapped regions.  ‘For example [on Thursday], the Mildura area was “red” – very high pollen count,’ A/Prof Rigby said. ‘I encourage all pharmacists to sign up, but also to recommend them to patients with asthma and/or allergic rhinitis. When your area is on medium or high alert, pharmacists should be having conversations with patients about being prepared.’ This includes always having a reliever on hand – either salbutamol, or preferably, the anti-inflammatory reliever budesonide-formoterol. ‘During thunderstorm asthma – the “perfect storm” of high pollen plus thunderstorms – people should also avoid being outside, close windows, use air-conditioning, and in cars set air recirculation mode,’ she said. And when patients present to the pharmacy for treatment for allergic rhinitis, pharmacists should ask: Do you have asthma? ‘Around 80% of people with asthma also have allergic rhinitis, and 40–60% of people with allergic rhinitis also have asthma,’ A/Prof Rigby said. ‘We need to think about “one airway, one disease.” If you get the nose under control, you get better asthma control – and vice versa.’

      What’s the approach when it’s not asthma?

      During the 2016 thunderstorm asthma event, many people who presented to pharmacies or EDs didn’t have diagnosed asthma, A/Prof Rigby said. ‘Many had hay fever or allergic rhinitis,’ she said. ‘So when people request hay fever treatments, pharmacists should ask about symptoms – such as shortness of breath, cough or chest tightness – which could indicate asthma.’ When these incidents occur, pharmacists should ask whether patients had childhood asthma, hay fever or other respiratory issues. They can also provide Asthma first aid. ‘You can supply a salbutamol puffer – ideally with a spacer – because when people are short of breath they’re less able to coordinate inhalation, and most people don’t use puffers correctly anyway,’ she said. Pharmacists should use the 4x4x4 method: 4 puffs, one at a time, via a spacer; wait 4 minutes; repeat as needed.  ‘If the patient is still short of breath, seek medical advice,’ A/Prof Rigby added. ‘And document everything.’ Pharmacists should also follow-up via phone, text or the next visit.

      How should COPD be managed in a storm?

      While asthma is reversible with good control, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) involves persistent airway inflammation and irreversible obstruction.  Salbutamol may be used to relieve symptoms in patients with COPD, but it does not provide the same level of relief as it does in asthma, A/Prof Rigby said. ‘The perceived benefit of SABA for patients with COPD is often due to the person stopping and resting, or the anxiety relief of “doing something” – rather than actual bronchodilation,’ she said. But patients with COPD are less likely to have their symptoms triggered by storms. ‘They may be short of breath at rest and have reduced exercise tolerance, so they must take preventative therapy regularly,’ A/Prof Rigby said.  This includes regular use of a long-acting muscarinic antagonist and long-acting beta2-agonist.  ‘Only some patients need triple therapy,’ she added. [post_title] => Severe spring storms show the risks of SABA overuse [post_excerpt] => [post_status] => publish [comment_status] => open [ping_status] => open [post_password] => [post_name] => severe-spring-storms-show-the-risks-of-saba-overuse [to_ping] => [pinged] => [post_modified] => 2025-12-01 17:45:42 [post_modified_gmt] => 2025-12-01 06:45:42 [post_content_filtered] => [post_parent] => 0 [guid] => https://www.australianpharmacist.com.au/?p=31010 [menu_order] => 0 [post_type] => post [post_mime_type] => [comment_count] => 0 [filter] => raw ) [title_attribute] => Severe spring storms show the risks of SABA overuse [title] => Severe spring storms show the risks of SABA overuse [href] => https://www.australianpharmacist.com.au/severe-spring-storms-show-the-risks-of-saba-overuse/ [module_atts:td_module:private] => Array ( ) [td_review:protected] => Array ( ) [is_review:protected] => [post_thumb_id:protected] => 31013 [authorType] => )

      Severe spring storms show the risks of SABA overuse

      Allergic rhinitis
      td_module_mega_menu Object
      (
          [post] => WP_Post Object
              (
                  [ID] => 30983
                  [post_author] => 11559
                  [post_date] => 2025-11-28 12:32:56
                  [post_date_gmt] => 2025-11-28 01:32:56
                  [post_content] => Allergic rhinitis (AR) remains a common but often underrecognised condition in Australian primary care1. Here’s what global experts shared at the 2025 FIP World Congress about how it should be managed.
      
      With a prevalence of 23.9% in Australia,2 AR – commonly known as hay fever – significantly impacts patients’ quality of life, productivity, and often coexists with conditions such as asthma.3  
      
      The condition is caused by the nose and/or eyes coming into contact with allergens in the environment – such as pollens, dust mites, moulds and animal dander.2 When left untreated, AR can lead to complications including sleep disturbance, daytime tiredness, headaches, poor concentration, and recurrent ear or sinus infections.4
      

      The role of pharmacists in AR management

      Australian pharmacists play an increasingly vital role in the management of AR, supporting diagnostic differentiation, therapy optimisation and patient education in community settings.  Pharmacists can provide key interventions – including accurate symptom assessment, medicines recommendations and ongoing support for self-management. 

      Global updates: FIP 2025

      At the 2025 FIP World Congress in Copenhagen, experts shared the latest evidence on AR management, highlighting innovations that can transform patient care. A key topic was the concept of antihistamines with 0% brain interference, such as fexofenadine. This antihistamine provides effective symptom relief without sedation, ensuring patients maintain cognitive performance and safety – critical for those operating machinery or driving.5 FIP President Paul Sinclair AM MPS, emphasised that pharmacists are uniquely positioned to lead AR management. ‘We know that people affected by AR can have their quality of life impacted quite dramatically, so it is important to intervene and recommend appropriate medication, which will relieve the symptoms and minimise the impact on somebody’s quality of life, so they can maintain all the things they need to do on a daily basis,’ he said https://youtu.be/4no1XLK9TVs?si=dP-oEXSWEu_ohiJC

      Watch on demand: 3rd Global Allergy Connect Meeting

      Pharmacists in Australia can enhance their expertise in AR by accessing on-demand resources and lectures from the 2025 FIP World Congress. After registering with their professional details, pharmacists can view content from the 3rd Global Allergy Connect Meeting, where experts from the United Kingdom, Spain, and France discuss AR, antihistamines with 0% brain interference (such as fexofenadine), clinical evidence, and strategies for managing AR in community pharmacy settings. For access:
      • visit the event platform: FIP World Congress September 2025
      • register with your professional details and gain access to a library of on-demand lectures.
      • watch sessions featuring Mr Sinclair and leading AR specialists, available for 6 months post-event.
      Key symposia topics include:
      • evidence updates on the use of non-sedating antihistamines in community settings
      • combining pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic interventions for persistent AR
      • patient-centred approaches, including tailoring treatment to symptoms and exposure profiles
      • case studies demonstrating advanced AR management in pharmacy practice.
      Take-home message from FIP experts:
      • ‘For community pharmacists to effectively help patients with AR, we need to offer evidence backed, effective and acceptable therapeutic formulations’ – Ade Williams, Bedminster Pharmacy in Bristol Superintendent Pharmacist.
      • ‘Not all second-generation antihistamines are free from sedative effects, making it important to choose those that do not impair cognitive function’ – Ignacio J. Ansotegui, Hospital Quironsalud Bizkaia, Bilbao, Head of Department of Allergy and Immunology.
      • ‘Fexofenadine is a non-sedating, second-generation antihistamine that selectively inhibits peripheral H1-receptors and does not penetrate the blood-brain barrier, therefore does not cause impairment of cognitive and psychomotor function, as demonstrated in 85 subjective and objective tests included in the different controlled clinical studies’ – Ignacio J. Ansotegui, Hospital Quironsalud Bizkaia, Bilbao, Head of Department of Allergy and Immunology.
      To stay connected and updated with the latest happenings in the world of allergy, scan the QR code to start your JUIce of SCIence journey.

      References

      1. Gunda D, Mustafa J, Agar N, Goss P. Approach to allergic rhinitis in the primary care setting. Australian Journal of General Practice. 2024;53(Suppl 11):S147–S154. doi:10.31128/AJGP-07-23-6890. 
      2. ASCIA. Allergic Rhinitis Clinical Update. ASCIA, 2024. Available at: ASCIA_HP_Clinical_Update_Allergic_Rhinitis_2024.pdf (accessed Nov 2025)
      3. Bousquet J, van Cauwenberge P, Khaltaev N. Allergic Rhinitis and Its Impact on Asthma (ARIA). Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. 2001;108(5 Suppl):S147–S334.
      4. Australasian society of clinical immunology and allergy. Allergic Rhinitis (Hay Fever) - Fast Facts. Available at: Allergic Rhinitis (Hay Fever) - Australasian Society of Clinical Immunology and Allergy (ASCIA) (accessed Nov 2025)
      5. Ansotegui et al. (2024). Why fexofenadine is considered as a truly non-sedating antihistamine with no brain penetration: a systematic review. Curr Med Res Opin, 40(8), 1297-1309. 
      6. FIP 2025. The 3rd Global Allergy Connect (GAC) Meeting. Antihistamines with 0% brain interference, from the science to practical management. Available at: FIP World Congress September 2025 (accessed Nov 2025)
      MAT-AU-2502471 – 1.0 – Nov 2025 [post_title] => Empowering pharmacists in allergic rhinitis management [post_excerpt] => Allergic rhinitis remains a common, underrecognised condition in primary care. Here’s what experts shared at the 2025 FIP World Congress. [post_status] => publish [comment_status] => open [ping_status] => open [post_password] => [post_name] => empowering-pharmacists-in-allergic-rhinitis-management [to_ping] => [pinged] => [post_modified] => 2025-12-03 10:57:40 [post_modified_gmt] => 2025-12-02 23:57:40 [post_content_filtered] => [post_parent] => 0 [guid] => https://www.australianpharmacist.com.au/?p=30983 [menu_order] => 0 [post_type] => post [post_mime_type] => [comment_count] => 0 [filter] => raw ) [title_attribute] => Empowering pharmacists in allergic rhinitis management [title] => Empowering pharmacists in allergic rhinitis management [href] => https://www.australianpharmacist.com.au/empowering-pharmacists-in-allergic-rhinitis-management/ [module_atts:td_module:private] => Array ( ) [td_review:protected] => Array ( ) [is_review:protected] => [post_thumb_id:protected] => 31018 [authorType] => )

      Empowering pharmacists in allergic rhinitis management

      vitamin B6
      td_module_mega_menu Object
      (
          [post] => WP_Post Object
              (
                  [ID] => 30976
                  [post_author] => 250
                  [post_date] => 2025-11-26 13:58:00
                  [post_date_gmt] => 2025-11-26 02:58:00
                  [post_content] => From mid-2027, the availability of dozens and dozens of complementary medicines containing vitamin B6 will change. 
      
      Yesterday (25 November 2025), the Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA) released the final decision on the scheduling of vitamin B6 containing medicines in response to safety concerns following consideration of the advice of the Advisory Committee on Medicines Scheduling in November 2024 and public consultation. 
      

      What's changing?

      The TGA Delegate’s final decision will see scheduling changes for products containing vitamin B6, dependent on the product’s vitamin B6 dose. This means oral preparations containing:
      • 50 mg or less per recommended daily dose (RDD) will continue to be available for general retail sale (unscheduled)
      • more than 50 mg but not more than 200 mg per RDD will be available as Pharmacist Only Medicines (Schedule 3)
      • more than 200 mg per RDD will remain Prescription Only Medicines (Schedule 4).

      When do the changes take effect?

      The scheduling change will take place on 1 June 2027. 

      What's the concern about vitamin B6?

      As reported previously in AP, high doses and/or prolonged use of vitamin B6 above the recommended daily intake (RDI) have been linked to peripheral neuropathy. Most cases have been reported at doses exceeding 500 mg/day, although cases at lower doses have been reported.1 The TGA’s adverse event notifications database now contains 250 reports1 of peripheral neuropathy, peripheral sensory neuropathy, small fibre neuropathy or chronic polyneuropathy for products containing vitamin B6.2 Between 1 January 2024 and 30 June 2025, the NSW Poisons Information Centre also received 14 calls from patients experiencing symptoms of neuropathy.2 The primary concern is the risk of overconsumption of vitamin B6 from a variety of sources, particularly in individuals using multiple multivitamin and supplement products.1 

      How many products are affected?

      There are at least 125 products on the Australian Register of Therapeutic Goods (ARTG) which contain more than 50 mg but less than 200 mg vitamin B6 (per maximum RDD). Of these, 116 are listed complementary medicines. These listed medicines will need to be registered on the ARTG and their labels updated to remain available on the Australian market after 1 June 2027. 

      Will there be any other changes for vitamin B6 products?

      We don’t know. The TGA has signalled they may implement further labelling changes e.g. to strengthen required warning statements or change how vitamin B6 is labelled on products. The National Health and Medical Research Council will also undertake a review of the upper level of intake of vitamin B6, anticipated to be completed by early 2027. This may have a flow-on impact on this final scheduling decision. 

      How will patients be informed of these changes?

      The TGA intends to run a public awareness campaign to educate consumers about the multiple sources of vitamin B6 and possible harms from cumulative dose and excessive intake. However, as with most health communication, health professionals – including pharmacists – will be the most important source of information for consumers. The harms caused by excessive doses of vitamin B6 are concerning, and often occur through inadvertent dosing of multiple supplements or a false belief by consumers that complementary medicines are safe to use. Pharmacists and pharmacy staff should be communicating now with patients about the risk of harm and safeguarding people from peripheral neuropathies and other complications from excessive vitamin B6 use.

      References

      1. Australian Government Department of Health, Disability and Ageing. Therapeutic Goods Administration. Notice of interim decision to amend (or not amend) the current Poisons Standard in relation to pyridoxine, pyridoxal or pyridoxamine (vitamin B6). 2025. At: www.tga.gov.au/sites/default/files/2025-06/notice-interim-decision-amend-or-not-amend-current-poisons-standard-pyridoxine-pyridoxal-pyridoxamine-vitaminb6.pdf
      2. The therapeutic Goods Administration. Notice of final decision to amend (or not amend) the current Poisons Standard in relation to pyridoxine, pyridoxal or pyridoxamine (vitamin B6). At: https://www.tga.gov.au/sites/default/files/2025-11/notice-final-decision-to-amend-current-poisons-standard-pyridoxine-pyridoxa-pyridoxamine-vitamin-b6.pdf
      [post_title] => TGA acts to address rising B6 overuse [post_excerpt] => From mid-2027, the availability of dozens and dozens of complementary medicines containing vitamin B6 will change.  [post_status] => publish [comment_status] => open [ping_status] => open [post_password] => [post_name] => tga-acts-to-address-rising-b6-overuse [to_ping] => [pinged] => [post_modified] => 2025-11-26 16:23:36 [post_modified_gmt] => 2025-11-26 05:23:36 [post_content_filtered] => [post_parent] => 0 [guid] => https://www.australianpharmacist.com.au/?p=30976 [menu_order] => 0 [post_type] => post [post_mime_type] => [comment_count] => 0 [filter] => raw ) [title_attribute] => TGA acts to address rising B6 overuse [title] => TGA acts to address rising B6 overuse [href] => https://www.australianpharmacist.com.au/tga-acts-to-address-rising-b6-overuse/ [module_atts:td_module:private] => Array ( ) [td_review:protected] => Array ( ) [is_review:protected] => [post_thumb_id:protected] => 30977 [authorType] => )

      TGA acts to address rising B6 overuse

  • CPD
    • PDL
      td_module_mega_menu Object
      (
          [post] => WP_Post Object
              (
                  [ID] => 31020
                  [post_author] => 3410
                  [post_date] => 2025-12-03 11:10:54
                  [post_date_gmt] => 2025-12-03 00:10:54
                  [post_content] => These case examples show that errors arise from system pressures, not individual failings. Pharmacists can act on these insights to strengthen governance.
      
      When pharmacists call Pharmaceutical Defence Limited (PDL), they’re often navigating some of the most stressful moments of their professional lives. 
      
      Behind the scenes, PDL’s professional officers, including pharmacist Claire Bekema – who is also a professional practice pharmacist at PSA – talk pharmacists through clinical decisions, regulatory notifications and incident management.
      
      Here, Ms Bekema outlines the top incidents reported to PDL, alongside practical strategies to reduce risk and respond safely when something goes wrong.
      

      Wrong-patient supply leads to hospital admission

      Wrong-patient incidents remain one of the most common and serious error types, often occurring when workflow pressures and assumptions collide.  ‘That might be when you call out a script for “[one surname], and somebody just turns up and says, “Yep, that’s me,” and they take it out the door,’ Ms Bekema told participants of PSA’s Voices of Pharmacy – Passion, Purpose, and Possibility webinar last week (26 November). In one case, which occurred after 60 Day Dispensing was implemented, a patient received two boxes of multiple medicines that were not theirs. ‘It was high-dose antihypertensives, and the patient had low health literacy, so they didn’t know what they were expecting to receive from the doctor,’ she said. ‘They picked up this other person’s medicines and they took one from each box. So they took really high doses of antihypertensives all at once.’ Once errors such as this are discovered, Ms Bekema is clear about what the next steps should be. ‘In this particular scenario, I said, “Let’s talk about the incident and how it occurred later, but the first thing is: try and track down this patient and make sure they’re receiving medical attention”,’ she said. ‘They ended up being transferred to hospital by ambulance because their blood pressure was [extremely low]. Wrong-patient errors can have pretty dire consequences.’ For more information, refer to previous AP coverage on:
      • patient identification errors
      • when photo ID is required.

      Labelling and selection errors

      The second major incident type involves incorrect labelling – typically when a label is placed on the wrong box due to workflow interruptions, staff shortages or deviations from standard procedures. ‘Something in the procedure on the day [may have] interrupted the pharmacist’s usual process,’ Ms Bekema said. ‘Instead of scanning the label and then the box, they haven’t followed that process, and they’ve put the wrong label on the wrong box.’ Small lapses in processes can have large clinical consequences. If the patient is taking directions for the wrong medicine, it might cause adverse effects or even an overdose. Should this error occur, pharmacists should reflect on any gaps in processes that contributed to that error, and what can be done to fix them up. ‘For example, what is the intention of a barcode scanner? It’s that safety check to make sure that the correct label is going on the correct box,’ she said. ‘Some of these processes that we have in the dispensing process are there to minimise risk and to support us when you’ve got the craziness of a busy pharmacy, with lots of distractions.’

      A stronger incident-reporting culture

      In Bekema’s view, incidents are rarely the fault of one individual; they are almost always symptoms of a flawed or overstretched system.  ‘Incident reporting is probably something that we don’t do very well at the moment, and I think we need to change that culture to a no-blame culture,’ she said. ‘We’re all human, we all make mistakes, and it’s about what we do with that to stop it happening again.’ For pharmacists, reporting incidents – whether internally, to PDL, or via organisational governance systems – supports broader, profession-wide learning.  ‘You can’t change and improve and do continuous quality improvement if you don’t have the data. Incident reporting is the data,’ Bekema said.  From barcode scanners to tall-man lettering, many safety mechanisms in today’s pharmacies exist because of lessons learned through incident analysis. ‘I tend to say to people on the phone: “we’re not like your car insurance where you’ve got a no-claim bonus. We actually want to hear your incidents”,’ she said. ‘We at PDL start looking at trends … these are the trends that are happening across the profession – so it’s not just you, you’re not isolated.’ Pharmacists should view errors not as professional failures, but as opportunities for growth, Bekema thinks.  ‘You’ve probably done – how many thousands of dispensings in your career? And you’ve made one [error]. So it’s a 0.000-something percent rate of error,’ she said. ‘Just keep things in perspective. It’s okay to report, because you’re going to improve.’ As health professionals, pharmacists in any setting should work within a clinical governance framework, using incident data to drive continuous quality improvement. ‘Whether you’re the frontline clinician, the owner of the pharmacy, the Director of Pharmacy, or the CEO of the hospital – we all have a responsibility,’ Bekema said.

      Building a career in incident management

      As a practice support officer, no two days are the same. ‘We might receive multiple different queries about regulatory issues in different states and territories across Australia, [along with] clinical issues and practice issues – but also incident management, and supporting members through that,’ Ms Bekema said. ‘We [also] do project work and submissions on behalf of PDL, and we support members through regulatory actions.’ For pharmacists curious about moving into a similar role, curiosity and willingness to take on new challenges is a good start. ‘What I’ve noticed – and it wasn’t probably intentional – is that I’ve put my hand up for opportunities that have been offered or are out there,’ she said. Ms Bekema cited an example of when, as an early-career pharmacist working in a hospital, a preceptor was needed for the new University of Canberra Master’s course. ‘Nobody else seemed to be interested. But I [thought] “I like education, I like supporting people, I like teaching,” so I just went, “Oh, Okay, I’ll try it”,’ she said. Ms Bekema also set up new prison pharmacy services when the opportunity presented itself. ‘It’s that willingness to try new things, to enjoy a challenge, to have some confidence in your foundational skills and knowledge, and then being able to transfer those to different environments – and grow and learn and build skills as you go,’ she said. For Ms Bekema, the most rewarding thing about her current role is the ability to give back to the profession. ‘I started as a pharmacy assistant and dispense tech, and I became a pharmacist because I love being part of the community,’ she said. ‘So being able to support [pharmacists] through some pretty distressing times – when … they’ve had an incident or error, or received a regulatory notification … is very rewarding.’ Need practice advice? Reach out to PSA’s Pharmacist to Pharmacist Advice Line between 8.30am to 5.00pm AEST on 1300 369 772. [post_title] => The incident trends every pharmacist should know [post_excerpt] => [post_status] => publish [comment_status] => open [ping_status] => open [post_password] => [post_name] => the-incident-trends-every-pharmacist-should-know [to_ping] => [pinged] => [post_modified] => 2025-12-04 11:47:01 [post_modified_gmt] => 2025-12-04 00:47:01 [post_content_filtered] => [post_parent] => 0 [guid] => https://www.australianpharmacist.com.au/?p=31020 [menu_order] => 0 [post_type] => post [post_mime_type] => [comment_count] => 0 [filter] => raw ) [title_attribute] => The incident trends every pharmacist should know [title] => The incident trends every pharmacist should know [href] => https://www.australianpharmacist.com.au/the-incident-trends-every-pharmacist-should-know/ [module_atts:td_module:private] => Array ( ) [td_review:protected] => Array ( ) [is_review:protected] => [post_thumb_id:protected] => 31022 [authorType] => )

      The incident trends every pharmacist should know

      GLP1-RAs
      td_module_mega_menu Object
      (
          [post] => WP_Post Object
              (
                  [ID] => 31014
                  [post_author] => 9164
                  [post_date] => 2025-12-01 15:34:25
                  [post_date_gmt] => 2025-12-01 04:34:25
                  [post_content] => The Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA) has today (Monday 1 December) made updates to product warnings for GLP-1 and dual GIP/GLP-1 receptor agonists for two separate safety issues. 
      
      AP examines what pharmacists need to know.
      

      ALERT 1: Potential risk of suicidal thoughts

      The TGA has aligned product warnings for all GLP-1 RA medicines to ensure consistent information regarding the potential risk of suicidal thoughts or behaviours. There have been growing questions about whether there’s a link between GLP-1 RAs and suicidal ideation. As of 23 September 2025, the TGA’s Database of Adverse Event Notifications (DAEN) contains the following:
      • 72 reports for suicidal ideation
      • 6 reports for depressional suicide
      • 4 reports of suicide attempt
      • 2 reports of completed suicide
      • 1 report of self-injurious ideation.
      The issue has been monitored by international regulations and by the TGA. In June 2025, the TGA sought expert advice on this issue from the Advisory Committee on Medicines (ACM). Following consideration, the ACM advised that, while available evidence was not sufficient to support an association between GLP-1 RAs and suicidal or self-injurious ideation, the Australian PIs/CMIs for GLP-1 RAs contain inconsistent information about the potential risk of suicidal/self-injurious ideation. The ACM recommended that harmonisation of these statements would be beneficial, and suggested the warning statements should reflect a class-level awareness, rather than imply a causal association.

      What does the product warning say?

      Psychiatric disorders Suicidal behaviour and ideation have been reported with GLP-1 receptor agonists. Monitor patients for the emergence or worsening of depression, suicidal thoughts or behaviours, and/or any unusual changes in mood or behaviour. Consider the benefits and risks for individual patients prior to initiating or continuing therapy in patients with suicidal thoughts or behaviours or have a history of suicidal attempts. 

      What products are affected by this alert?

      The TGA has identified all GLP-1 RA class products currently marketed in Australia are affected by the warning, including:
      • semaglutide (Ozempic, Wegovy)
      • liraglutide (Saxenda)
      • dulaglutide (Trulicity)
      • tirzepatide (Mounjaro) 

      What should pharmacists do?

      Pharmacists, and other health professionals caring for patients using GLP-1 RA medicines, should be alert to potential emergence or worsening of depression, suicidal thoughts or behaviours, or any unusual changes in mood or behaviour. Patients should be advised to seek urgent care from their GP or another healthcare professional if they experience new or worsening depression, suicidal thoughts or any unusual changes in mood or behaviour. 

      ALERT 2: Tirzepatide (Mounjaro) and contraception

      As previously reported by AP, the use of GLP-1 RAs has been associated with increased likelihood of pregnancy. This had been speculated based on evidence that weight loss can improve fertility, as well as the possibility that GLP-1 RAs may affect absorption of the oral contraceptive pill. The TGA has specifically investigated the potential for reduced effectiveness of oral contraception when first taking or increasing the dose of tirzepatide (Mounjaro), concluding that this association could not be ruled out. As a precautionary measure, the TGA has overseen updated product warnings for tirzepatide. These updated warnings include further advice for patients using oral contraceptives: Patients taking tirzepatide are advised to switch to a non-oral contraceptive or add a barrier method of contraception for 4 weeks after first taking the medicine and for 4 weeks after each increase in the dose.

      Is it just tirzepatide (Mounjaro)?

      While the TGA has only updated product warning for tirzepatide, the regulatory body advises that ‘none of the GLP-1 RAs should be used during pregnancy and individuals of childbearing potential are advised to use effective contraception during treatment with a GLP-1 RA’. [post_title] => TGA issues two new safety alerts for GLP-1 RA products [post_excerpt] => [post_status] => publish [comment_status] => open [ping_status] => open [post_password] => [post_name] => tga-issues-two-new-safety-alerts-for-glp-1-ra-products [to_ping] => [pinged] => [post_modified] => 2025-12-01 17:44:39 [post_modified_gmt] => 2025-12-01 06:44:39 [post_content_filtered] => [post_parent] => 0 [guid] => https://www.australianpharmacist.com.au/?p=31014 [menu_order] => 0 [post_type] => post [post_mime_type] => [comment_count] => 0 [filter] => raw ) [title_attribute] => TGA issues two new safety alerts for GLP-1 RA products [title] => TGA issues two new safety alerts for GLP-1 RA products [href] => https://www.australianpharmacist.com.au/tga-issues-two-new-safety-alerts-for-glp-1-ra-products/ [module_atts:td_module:private] => Array ( ) [td_review:protected] => Array ( ) [is_review:protected] => [post_thumb_id:protected] => 31016 [authorType] => )

      TGA issues two new safety alerts for GLP-1 RA products

      td_module_mega_menu Object
      (
          [post] => WP_Post Object
              (
                  [ID] => 31010
                  [post_author] => 3410
                  [post_date] => 2025-12-01 11:52:12
                  [post_date_gmt] => 2025-12-01 00:52:12
                  [post_content] => Australia’s east coast was belted with heavy storms last week. Spring and summer storms can trigger thunderstorm asthma – with bursts of pollen often causing sudden, severe asthma attacks, particularly in patients with asthma or allergic rhinitis.
      
      ‘There was the big event in Victoria in November 2016 when 10 people died,’ said Clinical Associate Professor Debbie Rigby FPS, pharmacist and Clinical Executive Lead, National Asthma Council Australia (NAC). 
      
      ‘But there are other peaks that don’t get as much media coverage – for example, there was terrible weather on Melbourne Cup Day this year, and data showed there were over 100 emergency department (ED) admissions and ambulance callouts that day.’
      
      When asthma symptoms spike, so do SABA (short-acting beta2-agonist) requests. With new guidelines that discourage overreliance on SABA, asthma expert A/Prof Rigby explains how pharmacists should manage these situations.
      

      What do the new asthma guidelines say?

      In the updated NAC Australian Asthma Handbook, released in September 2025, a key guideline change is that no adult or adolescent with asthma should be using salbutamol alone. ‘Every [adult or adolescent] with confirmed asthma now needs to be on an inhaled corticosteroid (ICS),’ A/Prof Rigby said. The National Asthma Council recently released data that found there were 478 asthma-related deaths in 2024, equating to more than one per day. There was a surprising increase in asthma deaths in the youngest patient cohort, those aged 0 to 35.  ‘This is largely due to poorly controlled asthma, including people over-relying on SABA, not using preventers, or not using anti-inflammatory reliever therapy,’ Ms Rigby said. ‘Those with more severe symptoms should be on maintenance-and-reliever therapy, or MART.’ But that doesn't mean pharmacists should deny patients salbutamol, particularly during events such as storms that can trigger exacerbations. ‘Absolutely supply it if a patient has symptoms – it’s potentially life-saving during an acute episode – but we should be alluding to the fact that it’s risky to use salbutamol alone in asthma,’ she said. ‘‘Use it as an opportunity to explain that the guidelines have changed and that we now have better treatment, but also assess them to determine if they need to see a GP straightaway or go to ED.’ For example, if a patient can’t finish a sentence without taking a breath, they need immediate treatment. Pharmacists should also remind patients that they should have an asthma action plan, which many adults don’t have. ‘Most people can manage with salbutamol in an acute situation – but they can also use budesonide-formoterol.’ It’s also important to point out the benefits of preventative and anti-inflammatory therapy, including improved asthma control and long-term health outcomes. ‘ICS–formoterol reduces the risk of severe episodes, it's more convenient because you only carry one inhaler and even has environmental benefits,’ A/Prof Rigby said. ‘There are about 15 million salbutamol inhalers used annually, which is a significant carbon footprint.’

      What can pharmacists do?

      A lot has been learned since the 2016 thunderstorm asthma event, A/Prof Rigby said. ‘The Victoria Department of Health has been very proactive with the pollen-alert apps that give daily high-pollen warnings,’ she said. There are also similar systems in other states; these apps provide a daily alert using a traffic-light system across mapped regions.  ‘For example [on Thursday], the Mildura area was “red” – very high pollen count,’ A/Prof Rigby said. ‘I encourage all pharmacists to sign up, but also to recommend them to patients with asthma and/or allergic rhinitis. When your area is on medium or high alert, pharmacists should be having conversations with patients about being prepared.’ This includes always having a reliever on hand – either salbutamol, or preferably, the anti-inflammatory reliever budesonide-formoterol. ‘During thunderstorm asthma – the “perfect storm” of high pollen plus thunderstorms – people should also avoid being outside, close windows, use air-conditioning, and in cars set air recirculation mode,’ she said. And when patients present to the pharmacy for treatment for allergic rhinitis, pharmacists should ask: Do you have asthma? ‘Around 80% of people with asthma also have allergic rhinitis, and 40–60% of people with allergic rhinitis also have asthma,’ A/Prof Rigby said. ‘We need to think about “one airway, one disease.” If you get the nose under control, you get better asthma control – and vice versa.’

      What’s the approach when it’s not asthma?

      During the 2016 thunderstorm asthma event, many people who presented to pharmacies or EDs didn’t have diagnosed asthma, A/Prof Rigby said. ‘Many had hay fever or allergic rhinitis,’ she said. ‘So when people request hay fever treatments, pharmacists should ask about symptoms – such as shortness of breath, cough or chest tightness – which could indicate asthma.’ When these incidents occur, pharmacists should ask whether patients had childhood asthma, hay fever or other respiratory issues. They can also provide Asthma first aid. ‘You can supply a salbutamol puffer – ideally with a spacer – because when people are short of breath they’re less able to coordinate inhalation, and most people don’t use puffers correctly anyway,’ she said. Pharmacists should use the 4x4x4 method: 4 puffs, one at a time, via a spacer; wait 4 minutes; repeat as needed.  ‘If the patient is still short of breath, seek medical advice,’ A/Prof Rigby added. ‘And document everything.’ Pharmacists should also follow-up via phone, text or the next visit.

      How should COPD be managed in a storm?

      While asthma is reversible with good control, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) involves persistent airway inflammation and irreversible obstruction.  Salbutamol may be used to relieve symptoms in patients with COPD, but it does not provide the same level of relief as it does in asthma, A/Prof Rigby said. ‘The perceived benefit of SABA for patients with COPD is often due to the person stopping and resting, or the anxiety relief of “doing something” – rather than actual bronchodilation,’ she said. But patients with COPD are less likely to have their symptoms triggered by storms. ‘They may be short of breath at rest and have reduced exercise tolerance, so they must take preventative therapy regularly,’ A/Prof Rigby said.  This includes regular use of a long-acting muscarinic antagonist and long-acting beta2-agonist.  ‘Only some patients need triple therapy,’ she added. [post_title] => Severe spring storms show the risks of SABA overuse [post_excerpt] => [post_status] => publish [comment_status] => open [ping_status] => open [post_password] => [post_name] => severe-spring-storms-show-the-risks-of-saba-overuse [to_ping] => [pinged] => [post_modified] => 2025-12-01 17:45:42 [post_modified_gmt] => 2025-12-01 06:45:42 [post_content_filtered] => [post_parent] => 0 [guid] => https://www.australianpharmacist.com.au/?p=31010 [menu_order] => 0 [post_type] => post [post_mime_type] => [comment_count] => 0 [filter] => raw ) [title_attribute] => Severe spring storms show the risks of SABA overuse [title] => Severe spring storms show the risks of SABA overuse [href] => https://www.australianpharmacist.com.au/severe-spring-storms-show-the-risks-of-saba-overuse/ [module_atts:td_module:private] => Array ( ) [td_review:protected] => Array ( ) [is_review:protected] => [post_thumb_id:protected] => 31013 [authorType] => )

      Severe spring storms show the risks of SABA overuse

      Allergic rhinitis
      td_module_mega_menu Object
      (
          [post] => WP_Post Object
              (
                  [ID] => 30983
                  [post_author] => 11559
                  [post_date] => 2025-11-28 12:32:56
                  [post_date_gmt] => 2025-11-28 01:32:56
                  [post_content] => Allergic rhinitis (AR) remains a common but often underrecognised condition in Australian primary care1. Here’s what global experts shared at the 2025 FIP World Congress about how it should be managed.
      
      With a prevalence of 23.9% in Australia,2 AR – commonly known as hay fever – significantly impacts patients’ quality of life, productivity, and often coexists with conditions such as asthma.3  
      
      The condition is caused by the nose and/or eyes coming into contact with allergens in the environment – such as pollens, dust mites, moulds and animal dander.2 When left untreated, AR can lead to complications including sleep disturbance, daytime tiredness, headaches, poor concentration, and recurrent ear or sinus infections.4
      

      The role of pharmacists in AR management

      Australian pharmacists play an increasingly vital role in the management of AR, supporting diagnostic differentiation, therapy optimisation and patient education in community settings.  Pharmacists can provide key interventions – including accurate symptom assessment, medicines recommendations and ongoing support for self-management. 

      Global updates: FIP 2025

      At the 2025 FIP World Congress in Copenhagen, experts shared the latest evidence on AR management, highlighting innovations that can transform patient care. A key topic was the concept of antihistamines with 0% brain interference, such as fexofenadine. This antihistamine provides effective symptom relief without sedation, ensuring patients maintain cognitive performance and safety – critical for those operating machinery or driving.5 FIP President Paul Sinclair AM MPS, emphasised that pharmacists are uniquely positioned to lead AR management. ‘We know that people affected by AR can have their quality of life impacted quite dramatically, so it is important to intervene and recommend appropriate medication, which will relieve the symptoms and minimise the impact on somebody’s quality of life, so they can maintain all the things they need to do on a daily basis,’ he said https://youtu.be/4no1XLK9TVs?si=dP-oEXSWEu_ohiJC

      Watch on demand: 3rd Global Allergy Connect Meeting

      Pharmacists in Australia can enhance their expertise in AR by accessing on-demand resources and lectures from the 2025 FIP World Congress. After registering with their professional details, pharmacists can view content from the 3rd Global Allergy Connect Meeting, where experts from the United Kingdom, Spain, and France discuss AR, antihistamines with 0% brain interference (such as fexofenadine), clinical evidence, and strategies for managing AR in community pharmacy settings. For access:
      • visit the event platform: FIP World Congress September 2025
      • register with your professional details and gain access to a library of on-demand lectures.
      • watch sessions featuring Mr Sinclair and leading AR specialists, available for 6 months post-event.
      Key symposia topics include:
      • evidence updates on the use of non-sedating antihistamines in community settings
      • combining pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic interventions for persistent AR
      • patient-centred approaches, including tailoring treatment to symptoms and exposure profiles
      • case studies demonstrating advanced AR management in pharmacy practice.
      Take-home message from FIP experts:
      • ‘For community pharmacists to effectively help patients with AR, we need to offer evidence backed, effective and acceptable therapeutic formulations’ – Ade Williams, Bedminster Pharmacy in Bristol Superintendent Pharmacist.
      • ‘Not all second-generation antihistamines are free from sedative effects, making it important to choose those that do not impair cognitive function’ – Ignacio J. Ansotegui, Hospital Quironsalud Bizkaia, Bilbao, Head of Department of Allergy and Immunology.
      • ‘Fexofenadine is a non-sedating, second-generation antihistamine that selectively inhibits peripheral H1-receptors and does not penetrate the blood-brain barrier, therefore does not cause impairment of cognitive and psychomotor function, as demonstrated in 85 subjective and objective tests included in the different controlled clinical studies’ – Ignacio J. Ansotegui, Hospital Quironsalud Bizkaia, Bilbao, Head of Department of Allergy and Immunology.
      To stay connected and updated with the latest happenings in the world of allergy, scan the QR code to start your JUIce of SCIence journey.

      References

      1. Gunda D, Mustafa J, Agar N, Goss P. Approach to allergic rhinitis in the primary care setting. Australian Journal of General Practice. 2024;53(Suppl 11):S147–S154. doi:10.31128/AJGP-07-23-6890. 
      2. ASCIA. Allergic Rhinitis Clinical Update. ASCIA, 2024. Available at: ASCIA_HP_Clinical_Update_Allergic_Rhinitis_2024.pdf (accessed Nov 2025)
      3. Bousquet J, van Cauwenberge P, Khaltaev N. Allergic Rhinitis and Its Impact on Asthma (ARIA). Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. 2001;108(5 Suppl):S147–S334.
      4. Australasian society of clinical immunology and allergy. Allergic Rhinitis (Hay Fever) - Fast Facts. Available at: Allergic Rhinitis (Hay Fever) - Australasian Society of Clinical Immunology and Allergy (ASCIA) (accessed Nov 2025)
      5. Ansotegui et al. (2024). Why fexofenadine is considered as a truly non-sedating antihistamine with no brain penetration: a systematic review. Curr Med Res Opin, 40(8), 1297-1309. 
      6. FIP 2025. The 3rd Global Allergy Connect (GAC) Meeting. Antihistamines with 0% brain interference, from the science to practical management. Available at: FIP World Congress September 2025 (accessed Nov 2025)
      MAT-AU-2502471 – 1.0 – Nov 2025 [post_title] => Empowering pharmacists in allergic rhinitis management [post_excerpt] => Allergic rhinitis remains a common, underrecognised condition in primary care. Here’s what experts shared at the 2025 FIP World Congress. [post_status] => publish [comment_status] => open [ping_status] => open [post_password] => [post_name] => empowering-pharmacists-in-allergic-rhinitis-management [to_ping] => [pinged] => [post_modified] => 2025-12-03 10:57:40 [post_modified_gmt] => 2025-12-02 23:57:40 [post_content_filtered] => [post_parent] => 0 [guid] => https://www.australianpharmacist.com.au/?p=30983 [menu_order] => 0 [post_type] => post [post_mime_type] => [comment_count] => 0 [filter] => raw ) [title_attribute] => Empowering pharmacists in allergic rhinitis management [title] => Empowering pharmacists in allergic rhinitis management [href] => https://www.australianpharmacist.com.au/empowering-pharmacists-in-allergic-rhinitis-management/ [module_atts:td_module:private] => Array ( ) [td_review:protected] => Array ( ) [is_review:protected] => [post_thumb_id:protected] => 31018 [authorType] => )

      Empowering pharmacists in allergic rhinitis management

      vitamin B6
      td_module_mega_menu Object
      (
          [post] => WP_Post Object
              (
                  [ID] => 30976
                  [post_author] => 250
                  [post_date] => 2025-11-26 13:58:00
                  [post_date_gmt] => 2025-11-26 02:58:00
                  [post_content] => From mid-2027, the availability of dozens and dozens of complementary medicines containing vitamin B6 will change. 
      
      Yesterday (25 November 2025), the Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA) released the final decision on the scheduling of vitamin B6 containing medicines in response to safety concerns following consideration of the advice of the Advisory Committee on Medicines Scheduling in November 2024 and public consultation. 
      

      What's changing?

      The TGA Delegate’s final decision will see scheduling changes for products containing vitamin B6, dependent on the product’s vitamin B6 dose. This means oral preparations containing:
      • 50 mg or less per recommended daily dose (RDD) will continue to be available for general retail sale (unscheduled)
      • more than 50 mg but not more than 200 mg per RDD will be available as Pharmacist Only Medicines (Schedule 3)
      • more than 200 mg per RDD will remain Prescription Only Medicines (Schedule 4).

      When do the changes take effect?

      The scheduling change will take place on 1 June 2027. 

      What's the concern about vitamin B6?

      As reported previously in AP, high doses and/or prolonged use of vitamin B6 above the recommended daily intake (RDI) have been linked to peripheral neuropathy. Most cases have been reported at doses exceeding 500 mg/day, although cases at lower doses have been reported.1 The TGA’s adverse event notifications database now contains 250 reports1 of peripheral neuropathy, peripheral sensory neuropathy, small fibre neuropathy or chronic polyneuropathy for products containing vitamin B6.2 Between 1 January 2024 and 30 June 2025, the NSW Poisons Information Centre also received 14 calls from patients experiencing symptoms of neuropathy.2 The primary concern is the risk of overconsumption of vitamin B6 from a variety of sources, particularly in individuals using multiple multivitamin and supplement products.1 

      How many products are affected?

      There are at least 125 products on the Australian Register of Therapeutic Goods (ARTG) which contain more than 50 mg but less than 200 mg vitamin B6 (per maximum RDD). Of these, 116 are listed complementary medicines. These listed medicines will need to be registered on the ARTG and their labels updated to remain available on the Australian market after 1 June 2027. 

      Will there be any other changes for vitamin B6 products?

      We don’t know. The TGA has signalled they may implement further labelling changes e.g. to strengthen required warning statements or change how vitamin B6 is labelled on products. The National Health and Medical Research Council will also undertake a review of the upper level of intake of vitamin B6, anticipated to be completed by early 2027. This may have a flow-on impact on this final scheduling decision. 

      How will patients be informed of these changes?

      The TGA intends to run a public awareness campaign to educate consumers about the multiple sources of vitamin B6 and possible harms from cumulative dose and excessive intake. However, as with most health communication, health professionals – including pharmacists – will be the most important source of information for consumers. The harms caused by excessive doses of vitamin B6 are concerning, and often occur through inadvertent dosing of multiple supplements or a false belief by consumers that complementary medicines are safe to use. Pharmacists and pharmacy staff should be communicating now with patients about the risk of harm and safeguarding people from peripheral neuropathies and other complications from excessive vitamin B6 use.

      References

      1. Australian Government Department of Health, Disability and Ageing. Therapeutic Goods Administration. Notice of interim decision to amend (or not amend) the current Poisons Standard in relation to pyridoxine, pyridoxal or pyridoxamine (vitamin B6). 2025. At: www.tga.gov.au/sites/default/files/2025-06/notice-interim-decision-amend-or-not-amend-current-poisons-standard-pyridoxine-pyridoxal-pyridoxamine-vitaminb6.pdf
      2. The therapeutic Goods Administration. Notice of final decision to amend (or not amend) the current Poisons Standard in relation to pyridoxine, pyridoxal or pyridoxamine (vitamin B6). At: https://www.tga.gov.au/sites/default/files/2025-11/notice-final-decision-to-amend-current-poisons-standard-pyridoxine-pyridoxa-pyridoxamine-vitamin-b6.pdf
      [post_title] => TGA acts to address rising B6 overuse [post_excerpt] => From mid-2027, the availability of dozens and dozens of complementary medicines containing vitamin B6 will change.  [post_status] => publish [comment_status] => open [ping_status] => open [post_password] => [post_name] => tga-acts-to-address-rising-b6-overuse [to_ping] => [pinged] => [post_modified] => 2025-11-26 16:23:36 [post_modified_gmt] => 2025-11-26 05:23:36 [post_content_filtered] => [post_parent] => 0 [guid] => https://www.australianpharmacist.com.au/?p=30976 [menu_order] => 0 [post_type] => post [post_mime_type] => [comment_count] => 0 [filter] => raw ) [title_attribute] => TGA acts to address rising B6 overuse [title] => TGA acts to address rising B6 overuse [href] => https://www.australianpharmacist.com.au/tga-acts-to-address-rising-b6-overuse/ [module_atts:td_module:private] => Array ( ) [td_review:protected] => Array ( ) [is_review:protected] => [post_thumb_id:protected] => 30977 [authorType] => )

      TGA acts to address rising B6 overuse

  • People
    • PDL
      td_module_mega_menu Object
      (
          [post] => WP_Post Object
              (
                  [ID] => 31020
                  [post_author] => 3410
                  [post_date] => 2025-12-03 11:10:54
                  [post_date_gmt] => 2025-12-03 00:10:54
                  [post_content] => These case examples show that errors arise from system pressures, not individual failings. Pharmacists can act on these insights to strengthen governance.
      
      When pharmacists call Pharmaceutical Defence Limited (PDL), they’re often navigating some of the most stressful moments of their professional lives. 
      
      Behind the scenes, PDL’s professional officers, including pharmacist Claire Bekema – who is also a professional practice pharmacist at PSA – talk pharmacists through clinical decisions, regulatory notifications and incident management.
      
      Here, Ms Bekema outlines the top incidents reported to PDL, alongside practical strategies to reduce risk and respond safely when something goes wrong.
      

      Wrong-patient supply leads to hospital admission

      Wrong-patient incidents remain one of the most common and serious error types, often occurring when workflow pressures and assumptions collide.  ‘That might be when you call out a script for “[one surname], and somebody just turns up and says, “Yep, that’s me,” and they take it out the door,’ Ms Bekema told participants of PSA’s Voices of Pharmacy – Passion, Purpose, and Possibility webinar last week (26 November). In one case, which occurred after 60 Day Dispensing was implemented, a patient received two boxes of multiple medicines that were not theirs. ‘It was high-dose antihypertensives, and the patient had low health literacy, so they didn’t know what they were expecting to receive from the doctor,’ she said. ‘They picked up this other person’s medicines and they took one from each box. So they took really high doses of antihypertensives all at once.’ Once errors such as this are discovered, Ms Bekema is clear about what the next steps should be. ‘In this particular scenario, I said, “Let’s talk about the incident and how it occurred later, but the first thing is: try and track down this patient and make sure they’re receiving medical attention”,’ she said. ‘They ended up being transferred to hospital by ambulance because their blood pressure was [extremely low]. Wrong-patient errors can have pretty dire consequences.’ For more information, refer to previous AP coverage on:
      • patient identification errors
      • when photo ID is required.

      Labelling and selection errors

      The second major incident type involves incorrect labelling – typically when a label is placed on the wrong box due to workflow interruptions, staff shortages or deviations from standard procedures. ‘Something in the procedure on the day [may have] interrupted the pharmacist’s usual process,’ Ms Bekema said. ‘Instead of scanning the label and then the box, they haven’t followed that process, and they’ve put the wrong label on the wrong box.’ Small lapses in processes can have large clinical consequences. If the patient is taking directions for the wrong medicine, it might cause adverse effects or even an overdose. Should this error occur, pharmacists should reflect on any gaps in processes that contributed to that error, and what can be done to fix them up. ‘For example, what is the intention of a barcode scanner? It’s that safety check to make sure that the correct label is going on the correct box,’ she said. ‘Some of these processes that we have in the dispensing process are there to minimise risk and to support us when you’ve got the craziness of a busy pharmacy, with lots of distractions.’

      A stronger incident-reporting culture

      In Bekema’s view, incidents are rarely the fault of one individual; they are almost always symptoms of a flawed or overstretched system.  ‘Incident reporting is probably something that we don’t do very well at the moment, and I think we need to change that culture to a no-blame culture,’ she said. ‘We’re all human, we all make mistakes, and it’s about what we do with that to stop it happening again.’ For pharmacists, reporting incidents – whether internally, to PDL, or via organisational governance systems – supports broader, profession-wide learning.  ‘You can’t change and improve and do continuous quality improvement if you don’t have the data. Incident reporting is the data,’ Bekema said.  From barcode scanners to tall-man lettering, many safety mechanisms in today’s pharmacies exist because of lessons learned through incident analysis. ‘I tend to say to people on the phone: “we’re not like your car insurance where you’ve got a no-claim bonus. We actually want to hear your incidents”,’ she said. ‘We at PDL start looking at trends … these are the trends that are happening across the profession – so it’s not just you, you’re not isolated.’ Pharmacists should view errors not as professional failures, but as opportunities for growth, Bekema thinks.  ‘You’ve probably done – how many thousands of dispensings in your career? And you’ve made one [error]. So it’s a 0.000-something percent rate of error,’ she said. ‘Just keep things in perspective. It’s okay to report, because you’re going to improve.’ As health professionals, pharmacists in any setting should work within a clinical governance framework, using incident data to drive continuous quality improvement. ‘Whether you’re the frontline clinician, the owner of the pharmacy, the Director of Pharmacy, or the CEO of the hospital – we all have a responsibility,’ Bekema said.

      Building a career in incident management

      As a practice support officer, no two days are the same. ‘We might receive multiple different queries about regulatory issues in different states and territories across Australia, [along with] clinical issues and practice issues – but also incident management, and supporting members through that,’ Ms Bekema said. ‘We [also] do project work and submissions on behalf of PDL, and we support members through regulatory actions.’ For pharmacists curious about moving into a similar role, curiosity and willingness to take on new challenges is a good start. ‘What I’ve noticed – and it wasn’t probably intentional – is that I’ve put my hand up for opportunities that have been offered or are out there,’ she said. Ms Bekema cited an example of when, as an early-career pharmacist working in a hospital, a preceptor was needed for the new University of Canberra Master’s course. ‘Nobody else seemed to be interested. But I [thought] “I like education, I like supporting people, I like teaching,” so I just went, “Oh, Okay, I’ll try it”,’ she said. Ms Bekema also set up new prison pharmacy services when the opportunity presented itself. ‘It’s that willingness to try new things, to enjoy a challenge, to have some confidence in your foundational skills and knowledge, and then being able to transfer those to different environments – and grow and learn and build skills as you go,’ she said. For Ms Bekema, the most rewarding thing about her current role is the ability to give back to the profession. ‘I started as a pharmacy assistant and dispense tech, and I became a pharmacist because I love being part of the community,’ she said. ‘So being able to support [pharmacists] through some pretty distressing times – when … they’ve had an incident or error, or received a regulatory notification … is very rewarding.’ Need practice advice? Reach out to PSA’s Pharmacist to Pharmacist Advice Line between 8.30am to 5.00pm AEST on 1300 369 772. [post_title] => The incident trends every pharmacist should know [post_excerpt] => [post_status] => publish [comment_status] => open [ping_status] => open [post_password] => [post_name] => the-incident-trends-every-pharmacist-should-know [to_ping] => [pinged] => [post_modified] => 2025-12-04 11:47:01 [post_modified_gmt] => 2025-12-04 00:47:01 [post_content_filtered] => [post_parent] => 0 [guid] => https://www.australianpharmacist.com.au/?p=31020 [menu_order] => 0 [post_type] => post [post_mime_type] => [comment_count] => 0 [filter] => raw ) [title_attribute] => The incident trends every pharmacist should know [title] => The incident trends every pharmacist should know [href] => https://www.australianpharmacist.com.au/the-incident-trends-every-pharmacist-should-know/ [module_atts:td_module:private] => Array ( ) [td_review:protected] => Array ( ) [is_review:protected] => [post_thumb_id:protected] => 31022 [authorType] => )

      The incident trends every pharmacist should know

      GLP1-RAs
      td_module_mega_menu Object
      (
          [post] => WP_Post Object
              (
                  [ID] => 31014
                  [post_author] => 9164
                  [post_date] => 2025-12-01 15:34:25
                  [post_date_gmt] => 2025-12-01 04:34:25
                  [post_content] => The Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA) has today (Monday 1 December) made updates to product warnings for GLP-1 and dual GIP/GLP-1 receptor agonists for two separate safety issues. 
      
      AP examines what pharmacists need to know.
      

      ALERT 1: Potential risk of suicidal thoughts

      The TGA has aligned product warnings for all GLP-1 RA medicines to ensure consistent information regarding the potential risk of suicidal thoughts or behaviours. There have been growing questions about whether there’s a link between GLP-1 RAs and suicidal ideation. As of 23 September 2025, the TGA’s Database of Adverse Event Notifications (DAEN) contains the following:
      • 72 reports for suicidal ideation
      • 6 reports for depressional suicide
      • 4 reports of suicide attempt
      • 2 reports of completed suicide
      • 1 report of self-injurious ideation.
      The issue has been monitored by international regulations and by the TGA. In June 2025, the TGA sought expert advice on this issue from the Advisory Committee on Medicines (ACM). Following consideration, the ACM advised that, while available evidence was not sufficient to support an association between GLP-1 RAs and suicidal or self-injurious ideation, the Australian PIs/CMIs for GLP-1 RAs contain inconsistent information about the potential risk of suicidal/self-injurious ideation. The ACM recommended that harmonisation of these statements would be beneficial, and suggested the warning statements should reflect a class-level awareness, rather than imply a causal association.

      What does the product warning say?

      Psychiatric disorders Suicidal behaviour and ideation have been reported with GLP-1 receptor agonists. Monitor patients for the emergence or worsening of depression, suicidal thoughts or behaviours, and/or any unusual changes in mood or behaviour. Consider the benefits and risks for individual patients prior to initiating or continuing therapy in patients with suicidal thoughts or behaviours or have a history of suicidal attempts. 

      What products are affected by this alert?

      The TGA has identified all GLP-1 RA class products currently marketed in Australia are affected by the warning, including:
      • semaglutide (Ozempic, Wegovy)
      • liraglutide (Saxenda)
      • dulaglutide (Trulicity)
      • tirzepatide (Mounjaro) 

      What should pharmacists do?

      Pharmacists, and other health professionals caring for patients using GLP-1 RA medicines, should be alert to potential emergence or worsening of depression, suicidal thoughts or behaviours, or any unusual changes in mood or behaviour. Patients should be advised to seek urgent care from their GP or another healthcare professional if they experience new or worsening depression, suicidal thoughts or any unusual changes in mood or behaviour. 

      ALERT 2: Tirzepatide (Mounjaro) and contraception

      As previously reported by AP, the use of GLP-1 RAs has been associated with increased likelihood of pregnancy. This had been speculated based on evidence that weight loss can improve fertility, as well as the possibility that GLP-1 RAs may affect absorption of the oral contraceptive pill. The TGA has specifically investigated the potential for reduced effectiveness of oral contraception when first taking or increasing the dose of tirzepatide (Mounjaro), concluding that this association could not be ruled out. As a precautionary measure, the TGA has overseen updated product warnings for tirzepatide. These updated warnings include further advice for patients using oral contraceptives: Patients taking tirzepatide are advised to switch to a non-oral contraceptive or add a barrier method of contraception for 4 weeks after first taking the medicine and for 4 weeks after each increase in the dose.

      Is it just tirzepatide (Mounjaro)?

      While the TGA has only updated product warning for tirzepatide, the regulatory body advises that ‘none of the GLP-1 RAs should be used during pregnancy and individuals of childbearing potential are advised to use effective contraception during treatment with a GLP-1 RA’. [post_title] => TGA issues two new safety alerts for GLP-1 RA products [post_excerpt] => [post_status] => publish [comment_status] => open [ping_status] => open [post_password] => [post_name] => tga-issues-two-new-safety-alerts-for-glp-1-ra-products [to_ping] => [pinged] => [post_modified] => 2025-12-01 17:44:39 [post_modified_gmt] => 2025-12-01 06:44:39 [post_content_filtered] => [post_parent] => 0 [guid] => https://www.australianpharmacist.com.au/?p=31014 [menu_order] => 0 [post_type] => post [post_mime_type] => [comment_count] => 0 [filter] => raw ) [title_attribute] => TGA issues two new safety alerts for GLP-1 RA products [title] => TGA issues two new safety alerts for GLP-1 RA products [href] => https://www.australianpharmacist.com.au/tga-issues-two-new-safety-alerts-for-glp-1-ra-products/ [module_atts:td_module:private] => Array ( ) [td_review:protected] => Array ( ) [is_review:protected] => [post_thumb_id:protected] => 31016 [authorType] => )

      TGA issues two new safety alerts for GLP-1 RA products

      td_module_mega_menu Object
      (
          [post] => WP_Post Object
              (
                  [ID] => 31010
                  [post_author] => 3410
                  [post_date] => 2025-12-01 11:52:12
                  [post_date_gmt] => 2025-12-01 00:52:12
                  [post_content] => Australia’s east coast was belted with heavy storms last week. Spring and summer storms can trigger thunderstorm asthma – with bursts of pollen often causing sudden, severe asthma attacks, particularly in patients with asthma or allergic rhinitis.
      
      ‘There was the big event in Victoria in November 2016 when 10 people died,’ said Clinical Associate Professor Debbie Rigby FPS, pharmacist and Clinical Executive Lead, National Asthma Council Australia (NAC). 
      
      ‘But there are other peaks that don’t get as much media coverage – for example, there was terrible weather on Melbourne Cup Day this year, and data showed there were over 100 emergency department (ED) admissions and ambulance callouts that day.’
      
      When asthma symptoms spike, so do SABA (short-acting beta2-agonist) requests. With new guidelines that discourage overreliance on SABA, asthma expert A/Prof Rigby explains how pharmacists should manage these situations.
      

      What do the new asthma guidelines say?

      In the updated NAC Australian Asthma Handbook, released in September 2025, a key guideline change is that no adult or adolescent with asthma should be using salbutamol alone. ‘Every [adult or adolescent] with confirmed asthma now needs to be on an inhaled corticosteroid (ICS),’ A/Prof Rigby said. The National Asthma Council recently released data that found there were 478 asthma-related deaths in 2024, equating to more than one per day. There was a surprising increase in asthma deaths in the youngest patient cohort, those aged 0 to 35.  ‘This is largely due to poorly controlled asthma, including people over-relying on SABA, not using preventers, or not using anti-inflammatory reliever therapy,’ Ms Rigby said. ‘Those with more severe symptoms should be on maintenance-and-reliever therapy, or MART.’ But that doesn't mean pharmacists should deny patients salbutamol, particularly during events such as storms that can trigger exacerbations. ‘Absolutely supply it if a patient has symptoms – it’s potentially life-saving during an acute episode – but we should be alluding to the fact that it’s risky to use salbutamol alone in asthma,’ she said. ‘‘Use it as an opportunity to explain that the guidelines have changed and that we now have better treatment, but also assess them to determine if they need to see a GP straightaway or go to ED.’ For example, if a patient can’t finish a sentence without taking a breath, they need immediate treatment. Pharmacists should also remind patients that they should have an asthma action plan, which many adults don’t have. ‘Most people can manage with salbutamol in an acute situation – but they can also use budesonide-formoterol.’ It’s also important to point out the benefits of preventative and anti-inflammatory therapy, including improved asthma control and long-term health outcomes. ‘ICS–formoterol reduces the risk of severe episodes, it's more convenient because you only carry one inhaler and even has environmental benefits,’ A/Prof Rigby said. ‘There are about 15 million salbutamol inhalers used annually, which is a significant carbon footprint.’

      What can pharmacists do?

      A lot has been learned since the 2016 thunderstorm asthma event, A/Prof Rigby said. ‘The Victoria Department of Health has been very proactive with the pollen-alert apps that give daily high-pollen warnings,’ she said. There are also similar systems in other states; these apps provide a daily alert using a traffic-light system across mapped regions.  ‘For example [on Thursday], the Mildura area was “red” – very high pollen count,’ A/Prof Rigby said. ‘I encourage all pharmacists to sign up, but also to recommend them to patients with asthma and/or allergic rhinitis. When your area is on medium or high alert, pharmacists should be having conversations with patients about being prepared.’ This includes always having a reliever on hand – either salbutamol, or preferably, the anti-inflammatory reliever budesonide-formoterol. ‘During thunderstorm asthma – the “perfect storm” of high pollen plus thunderstorms – people should also avoid being outside, close windows, use air-conditioning, and in cars set air recirculation mode,’ she said. And when patients present to the pharmacy for treatment for allergic rhinitis, pharmacists should ask: Do you have asthma? ‘Around 80% of people with asthma also have allergic rhinitis, and 40–60% of people with allergic rhinitis also have asthma,’ A/Prof Rigby said. ‘We need to think about “one airway, one disease.” If you get the nose under control, you get better asthma control – and vice versa.’

      What’s the approach when it’s not asthma?

      During the 2016 thunderstorm asthma event, many people who presented to pharmacies or EDs didn’t have diagnosed asthma, A/Prof Rigby said. ‘Many had hay fever or allergic rhinitis,’ she said. ‘So when people request hay fever treatments, pharmacists should ask about symptoms – such as shortness of breath, cough or chest tightness – which could indicate asthma.’ When these incidents occur, pharmacists should ask whether patients had childhood asthma, hay fever or other respiratory issues. They can also provide Asthma first aid. ‘You can supply a salbutamol puffer – ideally with a spacer – because when people are short of breath they’re less able to coordinate inhalation, and most people don’t use puffers correctly anyway,’ she said. Pharmacists should use the 4x4x4 method: 4 puffs, one at a time, via a spacer; wait 4 minutes; repeat as needed.  ‘If the patient is still short of breath, seek medical advice,’ A/Prof Rigby added. ‘And document everything.’ Pharmacists should also follow-up via phone, text or the next visit.

      How should COPD be managed in a storm?

      While asthma is reversible with good control, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) involves persistent airway inflammation and irreversible obstruction.  Salbutamol may be used to relieve symptoms in patients with COPD, but it does not provide the same level of relief as it does in asthma, A/Prof Rigby said. ‘The perceived benefit of SABA for patients with COPD is often due to the person stopping and resting, or the anxiety relief of “doing something” – rather than actual bronchodilation,’ she said. But patients with COPD are less likely to have their symptoms triggered by storms. ‘They may be short of breath at rest and have reduced exercise tolerance, so they must take preventative therapy regularly,’ A/Prof Rigby said.  This includes regular use of a long-acting muscarinic antagonist and long-acting beta2-agonist.  ‘Only some patients need triple therapy,’ she added. [post_title] => Severe spring storms show the risks of SABA overuse [post_excerpt] => [post_status] => publish [comment_status] => open [ping_status] => open [post_password] => [post_name] => severe-spring-storms-show-the-risks-of-saba-overuse [to_ping] => [pinged] => [post_modified] => 2025-12-01 17:45:42 [post_modified_gmt] => 2025-12-01 06:45:42 [post_content_filtered] => [post_parent] => 0 [guid] => https://www.australianpharmacist.com.au/?p=31010 [menu_order] => 0 [post_type] => post [post_mime_type] => [comment_count] => 0 [filter] => raw ) [title_attribute] => Severe spring storms show the risks of SABA overuse [title] => Severe spring storms show the risks of SABA overuse [href] => https://www.australianpharmacist.com.au/severe-spring-storms-show-the-risks-of-saba-overuse/ [module_atts:td_module:private] => Array ( ) [td_review:protected] => Array ( ) [is_review:protected] => [post_thumb_id:protected] => 31013 [authorType] => )

      Severe spring storms show the risks of SABA overuse

      Allergic rhinitis
      td_module_mega_menu Object
      (
          [post] => WP_Post Object
              (
                  [ID] => 30983
                  [post_author] => 11559
                  [post_date] => 2025-11-28 12:32:56
                  [post_date_gmt] => 2025-11-28 01:32:56
                  [post_content] => Allergic rhinitis (AR) remains a common but often underrecognised condition in Australian primary care1. Here’s what global experts shared at the 2025 FIP World Congress about how it should be managed.
      
      With a prevalence of 23.9% in Australia,2 AR – commonly known as hay fever – significantly impacts patients’ quality of life, productivity, and often coexists with conditions such as asthma.3  
      
      The condition is caused by the nose and/or eyes coming into contact with allergens in the environment – such as pollens, dust mites, moulds and animal dander.2 When left untreated, AR can lead to complications including sleep disturbance, daytime tiredness, headaches, poor concentration, and recurrent ear or sinus infections.4
      

      The role of pharmacists in AR management

      Australian pharmacists play an increasingly vital role in the management of AR, supporting diagnostic differentiation, therapy optimisation and patient education in community settings.  Pharmacists can provide key interventions – including accurate symptom assessment, medicines recommendations and ongoing support for self-management. 

      Global updates: FIP 2025

      At the 2025 FIP World Congress in Copenhagen, experts shared the latest evidence on AR management, highlighting innovations that can transform patient care. A key topic was the concept of antihistamines with 0% brain interference, such as fexofenadine. This antihistamine provides effective symptom relief without sedation, ensuring patients maintain cognitive performance and safety – critical for those operating machinery or driving.5 FIP President Paul Sinclair AM MPS, emphasised that pharmacists are uniquely positioned to lead AR management. ‘We know that people affected by AR can have their quality of life impacted quite dramatically, so it is important to intervene and recommend appropriate medication, which will relieve the symptoms and minimise the impact on somebody’s quality of life, so they can maintain all the things they need to do on a daily basis,’ he said https://youtu.be/4no1XLK9TVs?si=dP-oEXSWEu_ohiJC

      Watch on demand: 3rd Global Allergy Connect Meeting

      Pharmacists in Australia can enhance their expertise in AR by accessing on-demand resources and lectures from the 2025 FIP World Congress. After registering with their professional details, pharmacists can view content from the 3rd Global Allergy Connect Meeting, where experts from the United Kingdom, Spain, and France discuss AR, antihistamines with 0% brain interference (such as fexofenadine), clinical evidence, and strategies for managing AR in community pharmacy settings. For access:
      • visit the event platform: FIP World Congress September 2025
      • register with your professional details and gain access to a library of on-demand lectures.
      • watch sessions featuring Mr Sinclair and leading AR specialists, available for 6 months post-event.
      Key symposia topics include:
      • evidence updates on the use of non-sedating antihistamines in community settings
      • combining pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic interventions for persistent AR
      • patient-centred approaches, including tailoring treatment to symptoms and exposure profiles
      • case studies demonstrating advanced AR management in pharmacy practice.
      Take-home message from FIP experts:
      • ‘For community pharmacists to effectively help patients with AR, we need to offer evidence backed, effective and acceptable therapeutic formulations’ – Ade Williams, Bedminster Pharmacy in Bristol Superintendent Pharmacist.
      • ‘Not all second-generation antihistamines are free from sedative effects, making it important to choose those that do not impair cognitive function’ – Ignacio J. Ansotegui, Hospital Quironsalud Bizkaia, Bilbao, Head of Department of Allergy and Immunology.
      • ‘Fexofenadine is a non-sedating, second-generation antihistamine that selectively inhibits peripheral H1-receptors and does not penetrate the blood-brain barrier, therefore does not cause impairment of cognitive and psychomotor function, as demonstrated in 85 subjective and objective tests included in the different controlled clinical studies’ – Ignacio J. Ansotegui, Hospital Quironsalud Bizkaia, Bilbao, Head of Department of Allergy and Immunology.
      To stay connected and updated with the latest happenings in the world of allergy, scan the QR code to start your JUIce of SCIence journey.

      References

      1. Gunda D, Mustafa J, Agar N, Goss P. Approach to allergic rhinitis in the primary care setting. Australian Journal of General Practice. 2024;53(Suppl 11):S147–S154. doi:10.31128/AJGP-07-23-6890. 
      2. ASCIA. Allergic Rhinitis Clinical Update. ASCIA, 2024. Available at: ASCIA_HP_Clinical_Update_Allergic_Rhinitis_2024.pdf (accessed Nov 2025)
      3. Bousquet J, van Cauwenberge P, Khaltaev N. Allergic Rhinitis and Its Impact on Asthma (ARIA). Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. 2001;108(5 Suppl):S147–S334.
      4. Australasian society of clinical immunology and allergy. Allergic Rhinitis (Hay Fever) - Fast Facts. Available at: Allergic Rhinitis (Hay Fever) - Australasian Society of Clinical Immunology and Allergy (ASCIA) (accessed Nov 2025)
      5. Ansotegui et al. (2024). Why fexofenadine is considered as a truly non-sedating antihistamine with no brain penetration: a systematic review. Curr Med Res Opin, 40(8), 1297-1309. 
      6. FIP 2025. The 3rd Global Allergy Connect (GAC) Meeting. Antihistamines with 0% brain interference, from the science to practical management. Available at: FIP World Congress September 2025 (accessed Nov 2025)
      MAT-AU-2502471 – 1.0 – Nov 2025 [post_title] => Empowering pharmacists in allergic rhinitis management [post_excerpt] => Allergic rhinitis remains a common, underrecognised condition in primary care. Here’s what experts shared at the 2025 FIP World Congress. [post_status] => publish [comment_status] => open [ping_status] => open [post_password] => [post_name] => empowering-pharmacists-in-allergic-rhinitis-management [to_ping] => [pinged] => [post_modified] => 2025-12-03 10:57:40 [post_modified_gmt] => 2025-12-02 23:57:40 [post_content_filtered] => [post_parent] => 0 [guid] => https://www.australianpharmacist.com.au/?p=30983 [menu_order] => 0 [post_type] => post [post_mime_type] => [comment_count] => 0 [filter] => raw ) [title_attribute] => Empowering pharmacists in allergic rhinitis management [title] => Empowering pharmacists in allergic rhinitis management [href] => https://www.australianpharmacist.com.au/empowering-pharmacists-in-allergic-rhinitis-management/ [module_atts:td_module:private] => Array ( ) [td_review:protected] => Array ( ) [is_review:protected] => [post_thumb_id:protected] => 31018 [authorType] => )

      Empowering pharmacists in allergic rhinitis management

      vitamin B6
      td_module_mega_menu Object
      (
          [post] => WP_Post Object
              (
                  [ID] => 30976
                  [post_author] => 250
                  [post_date] => 2025-11-26 13:58:00
                  [post_date_gmt] => 2025-11-26 02:58:00
                  [post_content] => From mid-2027, the availability of dozens and dozens of complementary medicines containing vitamin B6 will change. 
      
      Yesterday (25 November 2025), the Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA) released the final decision on the scheduling of vitamin B6 containing medicines in response to safety concerns following consideration of the advice of the Advisory Committee on Medicines Scheduling in November 2024 and public consultation. 
      

      What's changing?

      The TGA Delegate’s final decision will see scheduling changes for products containing vitamin B6, dependent on the product’s vitamin B6 dose. This means oral preparations containing:
      • 50 mg or less per recommended daily dose (RDD) will continue to be available for general retail sale (unscheduled)
      • more than 50 mg but not more than 200 mg per RDD will be available as Pharmacist Only Medicines (Schedule 3)
      • more than 200 mg per RDD will remain Prescription Only Medicines (Schedule 4).

      When do the changes take effect?

      The scheduling change will take place on 1 June 2027. 

      What's the concern about vitamin B6?

      As reported previously in AP, high doses and/or prolonged use of vitamin B6 above the recommended daily intake (RDI) have been linked to peripheral neuropathy. Most cases have been reported at doses exceeding 500 mg/day, although cases at lower doses have been reported.1 The TGA’s adverse event notifications database now contains 250 reports1 of peripheral neuropathy, peripheral sensory neuropathy, small fibre neuropathy or chronic polyneuropathy for products containing vitamin B6.2 Between 1 January 2024 and 30 June 2025, the NSW Poisons Information Centre also received 14 calls from patients experiencing symptoms of neuropathy.2 The primary concern is the risk of overconsumption of vitamin B6 from a variety of sources, particularly in individuals using multiple multivitamin and supplement products.1 

      How many products are affected?

      There are at least 125 products on the Australian Register of Therapeutic Goods (ARTG) which contain more than 50 mg but less than 200 mg vitamin B6 (per maximum RDD). Of these, 116 are listed complementary medicines. These listed medicines will need to be registered on the ARTG and their labels updated to remain available on the Australian market after 1 June 2027. 

      Will there be any other changes for vitamin B6 products?

      We don’t know. The TGA has signalled they may implement further labelling changes e.g. to strengthen required warning statements or change how vitamin B6 is labelled on products. The National Health and Medical Research Council will also undertake a review of the upper level of intake of vitamin B6, anticipated to be completed by early 2027. This may have a flow-on impact on this final scheduling decision. 

      How will patients be informed of these changes?

      The TGA intends to run a public awareness campaign to educate consumers about the multiple sources of vitamin B6 and possible harms from cumulative dose and excessive intake. However, as with most health communication, health professionals – including pharmacists – will be the most important source of information for consumers. The harms caused by excessive doses of vitamin B6 are concerning, and often occur through inadvertent dosing of multiple supplements or a false belief by consumers that complementary medicines are safe to use. Pharmacists and pharmacy staff should be communicating now with patients about the risk of harm and safeguarding people from peripheral neuropathies and other complications from excessive vitamin B6 use.

      References

      1. Australian Government Department of Health, Disability and Ageing. Therapeutic Goods Administration. Notice of interim decision to amend (or not amend) the current Poisons Standard in relation to pyridoxine, pyridoxal or pyridoxamine (vitamin B6). 2025. At: www.tga.gov.au/sites/default/files/2025-06/notice-interim-decision-amend-or-not-amend-current-poisons-standard-pyridoxine-pyridoxal-pyridoxamine-vitaminb6.pdf
      2. The therapeutic Goods Administration. Notice of final decision to amend (or not amend) the current Poisons Standard in relation to pyridoxine, pyridoxal or pyridoxamine (vitamin B6). At: https://www.tga.gov.au/sites/default/files/2025-11/notice-final-decision-to-amend-current-poisons-standard-pyridoxine-pyridoxa-pyridoxamine-vitamin-b6.pdf
      [post_title] => TGA acts to address rising B6 overuse [post_excerpt] => From mid-2027, the availability of dozens and dozens of complementary medicines containing vitamin B6 will change.  [post_status] => publish [comment_status] => open [ping_status] => open [post_password] => [post_name] => tga-acts-to-address-rising-b6-overuse [to_ping] => [pinged] => [post_modified] => 2025-11-26 16:23:36 [post_modified_gmt] => 2025-11-26 05:23:36 [post_content_filtered] => [post_parent] => 0 [guid] => https://www.australianpharmacist.com.au/?p=30976 [menu_order] => 0 [post_type] => post [post_mime_type] => [comment_count] => 0 [filter] => raw ) [title_attribute] => TGA acts to address rising B6 overuse [title] => TGA acts to address rising B6 overuse [href] => https://www.australianpharmacist.com.au/tga-acts-to-address-rising-b6-overuse/ [module_atts:td_module:private] => Array ( ) [td_review:protected] => Array ( ) [is_review:protected] => [post_thumb_id:protected] => 30977 [authorType] => )

      TGA acts to address rising B6 overuse

AUSTRALIAN PHARMACIST Australian Pharmacist
Home Industry TEST: 5 ways patients judge your professionalism

TEST: 5 ways patients judge your professionalism

By
Deanna Mill MPS
-
January 12, 2000

Next articleThe role of pharmacists in travel vaccination
Deanna Mill MPS

RELATED ARTICLESMORE FROM AUTHOR

PDL
Industry

The incident trends every pharmacist should know

Industry

Severe spring storms show the risks of SABA overuse

Allergic rhinitis
Industry

Empowering pharmacists in allergic rhinitis management

Subscribe to our newsletter

Get your weekly dose of the news and research you need to help advance your practice.

Please only use letters and spaces

Please include a valid email address

The incident trends every pharmacist should know

Industry Chloe Hava - December 3, 2025
0

TGA issues two new safety alerts for GLP-1 RA products

Clinical PSA staff - December 1, 2025
0

Severe spring storms show the risks of SABA overuse

Industry Chloe Hava - December 1, 2025
0

Subscribe to our newsletter

Get your weekly dose of the news and research you need to help advance your practice.

Please only use letters and spaces

Please include a valid email address

Subscribe to our newsletter

Get your weekly dose of the news and research you need to help advance your practice.

Protected by Google reCAPTCHA v3.

Loading
PSA Logo

Australian Pharmacist is the official journal for Pharmaceutical Society of Australia Ltd.

CPD Info psa.org.au Advertising

Writing for Australian Pharmacist

CONTACT

(02) 6283 4777
australianpharmacist@psa.org.au

PO Box 42
Deakin West ACT, 2600

FOLLOW US

fk tr ln im
© Copyright 2024 - Pharmaceutical Society of Australia
  • Privacy Policy
  • Terms and Conditions
SHARE