References
- Morgan Poll. Roy Morgan image of professions survey. 2021. At: https://roymorgan-cms-dev.s3.ap-southeast-2.amazonaws.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/21014612/8691-Image-of-Professions-2021-April-2021.pdf
- Australian Technical Advisory Group on Immunisation (ATAGI). Australian immunisation handbook. 2022. At: immunisationhandbook.health.gov.au
- Breadon P, Burfurd I. A fair shot: how to close the vaccination gap. 2023. At: https://grattan.edu.au/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/A-fair-shot-How-to-close-the-vaccination-gap-Grattan-Institute-Report.pdf
- Prodanovic D, Lapham K, Keenan R, et al. Enhancing adult vaccination coverage rates in Australia. 2021. At: www.immunisationcoalition.org.au/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/2021_06_28_Enhancing-adult-vaccination-coverage-rates-in-Aus_FINAL.pdf
- Burson RC, Buttenheim AM, Armstrong A, et al. Community pharmacies as sites of adult vaccination: a systematic review. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2016;12(12):3146–59.
- Healthengine. Australian Healthcare Index. 2023. At: https://australianhealthcareindex.com.au/australian-healthcare-index-june-2023-report/
- Australian Institute of Health and Welfare (AIHW). 2009 Adult vaccination survey: summary results. Canberra, ACT: AIHW, 2011.
- Menzies RI, Leask J, Royle J, et al. Vaccine myopia: adult vaccination also needs attention. Med J Aust 2017;206(6):238–39.
- Raina MacIntyre C, Menzies R, Kpozehouen E, et al. Equity in disease prevention: vaccines for the older adults – a national workshop, Australia 2014. Vaccine 2016;34(46):5463–69.
- Bach AT, Goad JA. The role of community pharmacy‐based vaccination in the USA: current practice and future directions. Integr Pharm Res Pract 2015;4:67.
- Department of Health. National Immunisation Strategy for Australia 2019–2024. 2018. At: www.health.gov.au/sites/default/files/national-immunisation-strategy-for-australia-2019-2024_0.pdf
- World Health Organization (WHO). Vaccines and immunization. 2024. At: www.who.int/health-topics/vaccines-and-immunization#tab=tab_1
- Doherty, TM, Del Guiudice G, Maggi S. Adult vaccination as part of a healthy lifestyle: moving from medical intervention to health promotion. Annals of Medicin 2019:5(2):128–40.
- Esposito S, Principi N, Rezza G, et al. Vaccination of 50+ adults to promote healthy ageing in Europe: the way forward. Vaccine 2018;36(39):5819–24.
- Australian Institute of Health and Welfare. The burden of vaccine preventable diseases in Australia – summary. 2019. At: www.aihw.gov.au/getmedia/ec9c16e9-970c-404e-9bfe-5e2541583f85/aihw-phe-242.pdf?inline=true
- National Centre for Immunisation Research and Surveillance (NCIRS). Annual Immunisation Coverage Report 2021 Summary. 2022. At: https://ncirs.org.au/annual-immunisation-coverage-report-2021-available-now
- The Pharmaceutical Society of Australia. Pharmacist administered vaccinations. 2024. At: www.psa.org.au/state-vaccination-regulations/#1701652569667-898d6657-a4c6
- Department of Health and Aged Care. Vaccination for healthy ageing. 2023. At: https://immunisationhandbook.health.gov.au/sites/default/files/2023-12/Infographic.%20Vaccination%20for%20healthy%20ageing.pdf
- National Centre for Immunisation Research and Surveillance (NCIRS). Zoster (shingles) vaccines (Shingrix® [RZV] and Zostavax® [ZVL]) – frequently asked questions. 2022. At: https://ncirs.org.au/zoster-shingles/zoster-shingles-vaccines-shingrixr-rzv-and-zostavaxr-zvl-frequently-asked-questions
- Cunningham AL, Lal H, Kovac M, et al. Efficacy of the herpes zoster subunit vaccine in adults 70 years of age or older. N Engl J Med 2016;375:1019–32.
- Lal H, Cunningham A, Godeaux O, et al. Efficacy of an adjuvanted herpes zoster subunit vaccine in older adults. N Engl J Med 2015;372:2087–96.
- Strezova A, Diez-Domingo J, Al Shawafi K, et al. Long-term protection against herpes zoster by the adjuvanted recombinant zoster vaccine: interim efficacy, immunogenicity, and safety results up to 10 years after initial vaccination. Open Forum Infect Dis 2022;9(10):ofac485.
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) immunizations. 2024. At: www.cdc.gov/vaccines/vpd/rsv/index.html
- National Centre for Immunisation Research and Surveillance (NCIRS). Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV): Frequently asked questions (FAQs). 2022. At: https://ncirs.org.au/ncirs-fact-sheets-faqs-and-other-resources/respiratory-syncytial-virus-rsv-frequently-asked
- Recombinant respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) vaccines for older adults, and pregnant women to prevent disease in their infant. Aust Prescr 2024;47:100–1.
- McClure CC, Cataldi JR, O’Leary ST. Vaccine hesitancy: where we are and where we are going. Clinical Therapeutics 2017;39(8):1550–62.
- Attwell K, Dube E, Gagneur A, et al. Vaccine acceptance: science, policy, and practice in a ‘post-fact’ world. Vaccine 2019;29;37(5):677–82.
- Pharmaceutical Society of Australia. Practice Guidelines for the provision of immunisation services. 2020. At: https://my.psa.org.au/s/article/immunisation-guidelines
- Therapeutic Goods Administration. Arexvy® Product Information. 2024. At: www.tga.gov.au/resources/auspmd/arexvy
- Therapeutic Goods Administration. Abrysvo® Product Information. 2024. At: www.tga.gov.au/resources/auspmd/abrysvo-rsv-vaccine
- GSK. Shingrix® Product Information. 2022. At: https://au.gsk.com/media/6786/shingrix_pi_au.pdf
- Le LM, Veettil SK, Donaldson D, et al. The impact of pharmacist involvement on immunization uptake and other outcomes: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis. J Am Pharm Assoc 2022;62(5):1499–1513.e16.
- Australian Government Department of Health and Aged Care Therapeutic Goods Administration. At: https://apps.tga.gov.au/Prod/msi/Search/Tradename/130229

Team PSA 2026: Caroline Diamantis FPS, Prof Mark Naunton MPS and Bridget Totterman MPS[/caption]
A/Prof Fei Sim and Prof Mark Naunton[/caption]

Clinical features
Warm compresses are the cornerstone of treatment, helping to soften the lesion, bring pus to the surface and encourage spontaneous drainage. A clean face cloth soaked in warm (not hot) water should be applied to the closed eyelid for 2–5 minutes, twice daily during the active phase. Once the stye begins to drain, any discharge should be gently wiped away using a clean, warm washcloth. After resolution, continuing warm compresses once daily may help prevent recurrence.2 







