Team PSA 2026: Caroline Diamantis FPS, Prof Mark Naunton MPS and Bridget Totterman MPS[/caption]
A/Prof Fei Sim and Prof Mark Naunton[/caption]
Clinical features 
Warm compresses are the cornerstone of treatment, helping to soften the lesion, bring pus to the surface and encourage spontaneous drainage. A clean face cloth soaked in warm (not hot) water should be applied to the closed eyelid for 2–5 minutes, twice daily during the active phase. Once the stye begins to drain, any discharge should be gently wiped away using a clean, warm washcloth. After resolution, continuing warm compresses once daily may help prevent recurrence.2 
Case Scenario
Romika, in her mid-20s, asks your advice about ongoing fatigue and pins and needles which she has had for several months. You recognise that her strict vegan diet increases her risk of vitamin B12 deficiency and that her symptoms are consistent with this. You refer her to her GP for blood tests. There is macrocytosis and her serum B12 level is equivocal. Her HoloTC levels are found to be 35 nmol/L, indicating likely B12 deficiency.
Learning ObjectivesAfter reading this article, pharmacists should be able to:
Competency (2016) standards addressed: 1.1, 1.4, 1.5, 2.2, 3.1, 3.2, 3.5 |
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Introduction
Vitamin B12 (cobalamin) is an essential water-soluble vitamin that humans obtain from their diet.1-6 Deficiency can cause serious haematological, neurological and psychiatric problems.1-6 Early diagnosis and treatment may reverse defici
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