Negar Almassi MPS[/caption]
Dr Brian Chia MPS[/caption]
COPD is significantly underdiagnosed
Associate Professor Debbie Rigby FPS[/caption]
Nicolette Ellis MPS[/caption]
A national education program for pharmacists funded by the Australian Government under the Quality Use of Diagnostics, Therapeutics and Pathology program.[/caption]
Both these disorders can occur separately, but if they co-occur, this is termed COMISA. Approximately 30–50% of people with OSA have comorbid insomnia, and 30–40% of people with chronic insomnia have comorbid OSA.9,12 A recent population-based study reported that 11% of Australian adults report symptoms of COMISA.13
The ‘gold standard’ measure of OSA presence and severity is an overnight sleep study (Table 1).25 The most common single metric to determine OSA presence and severity is the apnoea-hypopnoea index (AHI), representing the average number of airway narrowing and closure events occurring per hour of sleep.24 Identifying the most appropriate management approaches for OSA also requires consideration of lifestyle factors, symptoms and consequences, occupation, chronic conditions, and other sleep conditions. Self-report questionnaires may be used to screen for a high-risk of OSA and identify patients suitable for referral and consideration of overnight sleep study assessment (Table 1).24
Although evidence-based guidelines unanimously recommend avoiding long-term use of hypnotics, they are indicated for a minority of patients that present with severe acute insomnia that is causing significant psychological distress or functional impairment.29 Most people who experience short-term insomnia symptoms (1–2 weeks) can be reassured that sleep will return to ‘normal’ after the underlying precipitant has subsided, without targeted treatment (i.e. hypnotic medicines).29,33 For those who experience persistent insomnia, cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia (CBTi) is the first-line treatment. Pharmacotherapy may be considered in patients with severe insomnia that is causing significant impairment or distress (e.g. times of acute work/exam stress, bereavement).34
Tailored recommendations for non-CPAP therapies may also be provided to patients with different levels of OSA severity and presenting features.17 For example, weight management advice where indicated, positional devices (in the presence of supine-predominant OSA), mandibular advancement splints (in patients with mild-to-moderate OSA), and upper airway surgery are effective treatments that may be tailored to each individual patient.24
Dr Alexander Sweetman (he/him) PhD
Senior Program Manager, and chair of the psychologist education subcommittee at the Australasian Sleep Association.
Associate Professor Sutapa Mukherjee (she/her) MBBS, FRACP, PhD
Respiratory and sleep physician, Associate Professor of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine at Flinders University and past President of the Australasian Sleep Association.
Professor Garun Hamilton (he/him) MBBS, FRACP, PhD
Respiratory and sleep physician, clinical professor at Monash Health and Monash University and President of the Australasian Sleep Association.
Professor John Turnidge AO[/caption]
Rather than be overwhelmed by COVID-19, Wint Ye Ywe Phu used social media to help pharmacy interns feel connected.
The first woman to win a PSA Lifetime Achievement Award, Debbie Rigby FPS has been many things during her 4-decade career of ‘two halves’.
A strong advocate of pharmacy in the Northern Territory, Samuel Keitaanpaa MPS has an enviable track record of supporting ECPs as an outstanding leader.
A challenging initiation into pharmacy via the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit at Victoria’s Monash Medical Centre set Kay Dunkley on a career path that has spanned more than three decades.
Dimitra Hoppe MPS juggles community pharmacy with four other job roles while studying for a doctorate in public health.
Gunnedah-based Karen Carter FPS loves making a difference to patients’ health and wellbeing. She always knew she wanted to own a pharmacy. Now she has two .
Loan Pham MPS, a daughter of Vietnamese refugees, has spent 14 years at one pharmacy. She loves it so much, she’s hoping to buy it.
What set you on the path to a career in pharmacy?
Growing up in Sydney...
From compounding to COVID-19, Amanda Fairjones BPharm Hons AACPA, MPS can get answers for all your member queries.
The journey through the Australian healthcare system has been long and hard for this pharmacist patient with Hypermobile Ehlers-Danlos syndrome.
Kurtis Gray, a final year Master of Pharmacy student at the University of Western Australia (UWA), is the 2020 PSA Mylan Pharmacy Student of the Year.
