Table 1 – Types of vertigo (non-exhaustive list)[/caption]
Vomiting
In older people, dizziness significantly increases the risk of falls.7 Implementing appropriate interventions to address modifiable risk factors such as dizziness is of paramount importance. In cases of drug-induced dizziness, deprescribing can be considered if the medicine can be safely reduced, discontinued or substituted to prevent inappropriate prescribing cascades of potentially inappropriate medicines (PIM), especially in the context of older people.29
A national education program for pharmacists funded by the Australian Government under the Quality Use of Diagnostics, Therapeutics and Pathology program.[/caption]
The hypothalamus houses neurons that produce neuropeptides called orexin A and B, which were discovered in 1998, and represent one of the most exciting discoveries in sleep medicine.5,13–15 Orexin-producing neurons help us stay awake and alert, especially when we really need to focus, which is critical for survival.5,14 These neurons reach out to many brain areas that use other wakefulness messengers such as acetylcholine, dopamine, histamine, serotonin and noradrenaline. These areas ‘talk back’ to the hypothalamus, to further boost wakefulness signals.5 Similarly, the thalamus is an important region that also serves to relay wakefulness signals from the RAS.5
Another dual orexin receptor antagonist (DORA), vornorexant*, is under development and currently undergoing clinical trials.28 
Other medicines such as dimdazenil* (partial positive allosteric modulator at GABAA specific to alpha-1 and alpha-5 GABAA receptor subtypes)41 and zuranolone* (positive allosteric modulator for GABAA) have also been tested, with positive outcomes in trials. Zuranolone* is marketed overseas specifically for postnatal depression, but clinical trials for its use in insomnia are ongoing.40
Kristy Carter (she/her)
Louise Edwards (she/her) Transitioning to hospital pharmacy
Seeking greater remuneration and a different working life, some community pharmacists find themselves considering the leap to hospitals. So what do they need to...
Think you know emergency contraception? Think again
Pharmacists have been supplying emergency contraception in Australia since 2004. Since then, the evidence base and consumer experience surrounding emergency contraception has evolved significantly.
COVID-19 and influenza vaccinations: tips for community pharmacists
The COVID-19 pandemic makes it more important than ever for Australians to access influenza vaccinations and pharmacist immunisers are ready to help protect the community.
Full continued dispensing returns in Tasmania, plus other big announcements
Continued dispensing arrangements have expanded in Tasmania, while travel vaccines and a UTI pilot were announced in the ACT.
Unlocking access: Downscheduling changes in 2021
After years of little movement in downscheduling of medicines in Australia, 2021 will usher in a flurry of activity – but Appendix M remains conspicuously empty.
‘Limited availability’ of Vyvanse until April
A worldwide Vyvanse, expected to last months, has left pharmacists inundated with requests for the popular ADHD medicine.
